传染病学常考的英文内容
14. Intermittent fever（间歇热）: temperature fluctuates between the high fever and the degree below the normality. Usually seen in septicemia and malaria.
15. Irregular fever（不规则热）:the fever curve is irregular. Seen in influenza or septicemia.
16. palmer erythema/liver palm(肝掌): This is intense reddening, mottled in nature, of the palmer aspects due to vasodilation. Seen mainly over the thenar and hypothenar（大、小鱼际） eminences.
17. spider angiomata(蜘蛛痣)：Spider angiomata are small red macules with fine red lines radiating from it like "spider legs". They blanch when compressed(压之褪色). They represent tiny dilated collateral blood vessels and are seen in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
18. window phase（窗口期）：The window phase is the time from exposure to the organism until one is tested positive for the infection. Someone in the window phase may test negative but actually be positive and able to spread the organism.
19. street strain(野毒株/街毒株): it is referred to rabies virus isolated from the naturally infected animals or human with strong pathogenecity and long incubation period.
20. fixed strain(固定毒株): After being subcultured in rabbit brain for many times (at least 50 times), the virulence of the street strain decreased greatly, but its immunogenicity remained. It is called fixed strain and often used for vaccine production.
21. Negri body（内基本氏小体）: Negri body is pathognomonic for rabies virus infection. It is oval eosinophilic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion measuring 3-10 micron in diameter. They are most consistenetly seen in the pyramidal cells of hippocampus and Purkinje cells of cerebellum.
22. septicemia(败血症)：Septicemia is an acute generalized infection caused by the invasion into the blood stream of a pathogenic or an opportunistic organism. While staying persistently and multiplying rapidly in the blood stream, these organisms liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit general toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various organs.
23. bacteriemia（菌血症）：The bacteria enter the blood and multiply in it, but stay only a short time and don’t liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit general toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various organs.
24. pyemia（脓毒血症）: The multiplying site of bacteria is also in the blood, but it is caused by pyogenic（化脓性的）gram-positive cocci, metastatic lesions are always present, the symptoms are the same as septicemia.
25. toxemia（毒血症）: The bacteria only live and multiply in the local parts of the body, they don’t enter the blood stream, but the toxins and metabolites liberated by them do. The symptoms are similar to septicemia.
26. rose spots(玫瑰疹)：They are blanking pink macular spots 2-4 mm in diameter at day 7~13 of typhoid fever. The rash is seen most commonly on the thorax and abdomen, rarely on back and the extremities.
27. relative bradycardia(相对缓脉)：it means pulse-temperature dissociation. It is usually defined as increase in heart rate < 10 beats/minutes/1°C increase in temperature in adults. It is usually seen in typhoid fever, acute schistosomiasis, severe jaundice, et al.