传染病学常考的英文内容
23. the prerequisite for the epidemic of schistosomiasis(血吸虫病) .
the epidemic of schistosomiasis in any specific area is dependent upon the unsanitary disposal of faeces, the presence of suitable snail hosts, and human exposure to cercaria-infected (尾蚴) water bodies.
24. main manifestations of acute schistosomiasis?
The majority of infected person are asymptomatic or have mild, nonspecific symptoms. Only 5 to 10 percent of infected populations have severe clinical symptoms. They include chills, spiking fever, generalized weakness, myalgia, headache, anorexia, profuse diarrhea, and weight loss. Extensive urticaria may occur in large patches on various parts of the body. Nausea and vomiting are common and cough may be prominent. The fever usually lyses spontaneously 2 to10 weeks after onset.
Physical findings are usually minimal but many include urticaria, patches of moist rales over both lung fields, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Marked elevation of peripheral blood eosinophilia is common..
25.Hemodialysis indication :
⑴Oliguric lasts〉4d，or anuria 〉24h
⑵Concentration of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased:BuN〉28.56mmol/l
⑶High catabolism state ⑷Hyperkalemia,
⑸Pulmonary edema or hypervolemic syntrome
15. Differential Diagnnosis of Epidemic encephalitis
Meningococcal Purulent Tuberulous Epidemic Toxic
meningitis cerobrosoinal meningitis menigitis encephalitis Shigellosis Etiology Meningococcus Other bacterial T.B Encephalitis B virus Shigelle Onset abrupt slow slow abrupt abrupt Age <10year any age any age <10year children Season Win.＆Spr. anytime anytime Sum.＆Aug Sum.＆Aug. Petechial common rare no no no
Early shock common rare no no common meningeal
irritation + + + + -
BR：WBC +++ +++ +/- + ++
N +++ +++ -/+ + ++
CSF:
WBC >1.0 >1.0 0.05~0.3 0.05~0.5 normal Glucose ↓↓ ↓↓ ↓ normal normal Chloride ↓↓ ↓↓ ↓ normal normal Stool
routine normal normal normal normal +