传染病学常考的英文内容
5. clinical characteristics / diagnostic criteria of fulminant hepatitis/hepatitis gravis(重型肝炎的诊断标准)?
Fulminant hepatitis is a rare syndrome usually associated with hepatitis B. It is characterized by rapid clinical deterioration. Its diagnostic criteria in our country is:
Severe digestive disorder: poor feeding, nausea and frequent vomiting, fatigue;
Progressively deepened jaundice;
Hepatoencephalopathy;
Hepatorenal syndrome;
Decreased volume of liver;
Bleeding pronenss;
Rapidly increased ascites
6. clinical characteristics / diagnostic criteria of cholestatic hepatitis？
Clinical symptoms: Jaundice is the main manifestation and it lasts longer than three weeks.
Skin itch is usually more severe at night. Rashes can occur on the neck, chest, back, and wrists.
Stool color becomes lighter and urine color becomes darker. Although there can be many
symptoms, the patient usually will not feel extremely ill.
Laboratory tests: Direct bilirubin in the serum elevated and its proportion is more than
60% of the total bilirubin. Serum combined bile acid elevated to 10 to 20 times higher than the
normal range. AKP, GGT, cholesterol, and 5- nucleotidase are obviously elevated, and the ALT
elevation is moderate.
B-Ultrasound: It can distinguish intra or extra liver obstruction.
7. common / main manifestation of acute viral hepatitis？
Malaise, anorexia, fever, dark urine, pale stools, jaundice, right upper quadrant pain and
tender hepatomegaly;
Increased liver enzymes (ALT, AST), bilirubin, prothrombin time and globulin;
Serum positive for hepatic virus;
May have history of recent ingestion of undercooked shellfish or sewage-contaminated
water.
8. main manifestation of epidemic encephalitis B?
The disease is mainly manifested by high fever, impairment of consciousness, convulsion, respiratory failure. Signs of meningeal irritation, increased intracranial pressure and other neurological signs. The typical profile in cases of epidemic encephalitis B is lymphocytic pleocytosis, normal or slightly elevated protein level, normal glucose level, and elevated CSF pressure. The specific IgM antibody detection is most useful for the diagnosis of this disease.
9. the principal of wound treatment after bitten by a rabid dog(被狂犬咬伤后伤口处理)?
The wound should be thoroughly cleansed for half an hour, preferably with a quaternary ammonium detergent(季胺类消毒液) or 20% soap (which can not be mixed together); then rinse with 70% ethanol or iodine; damaged tissues should be excised and the wound left unsatured. Rabies can usually be prevented if treatment is started within a day or two of biting. For maximum protection hyperimmune serum and vaccine are required. One should pay attention to tetanus and infection of other bacteria.
10. main manifestation of rabies/ hydrophobia?