准备工作
arrogant自满 arrogance自满情绪 antagonistic敌对 antagonism敌对态度
tense 紧张 tension紧张情况（关系、局势、心情） 2. We have a great many to do at present. 我们当前有许多事情要做。
二、副词的“虚”与“实”的转化（副词转译成形容词后加名词“例 1”，有些副词直接转译成名词“ 例 2”）
1. They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizally.
但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组
织工作做得好
2.He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身体虽弱，但思想健康。
三、容词的“虚”与“实”的转化（形容词转译成动词）
1.Integrity means you do want you do because it‘s right and not just fashionable or politically correct.
诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。
2.Don‘t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.
不要惧怕那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。 四、练习:
1. Exercises of page 80
2. 预习第十一章和第九章
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第十一章 英语被动语态的翻译
Teaching Objectives (教学目的):
1. To make students know how to translate the passive voice
2. To require the students to master the character of the passive voice in translation.
Teaching Requirements(教学要求):
1. Students are able to get a clear picture of the text .
2. Students are required to master the new words and phrases in this part. 3. Students should read some reading materials and do exercises after class .
Teaching methodology(教学方法):
1. Communicative method (交际法) 2. Cognitive method(认知法):
3. Functional and notional method(功能意念法) 4. The grammar-translation method
Time Distributive(时间分配)
1. Preparation and analyses of the text (2 hours) 2.Analyses of the text A and exercises (1 hours)
Focuses in teaching (教学难点)
1.The method of the passive voice in translation
Teaching Procedures (教学过程)
我们来学习第十一章英语被动语态的翻译。被动语态是英语中动词的一种变化形式，表示句子的谓语和其主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。被动句的主语实际上是谓语动作的成受者。一般来说，英语被动句的翻译可以有以下三种方法。
被动句译成汉语的主动句（文中第2句）
一、
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1. During the World Cup the streets were filled with football fans.
世界杯比赛期间，街上挤满了球
迷（此句按顺序译成汉语主动句）
2. Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.
现代工业耗用大量的燃料。（动作
发出者译成主语）
3. The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 中国在四千年前发明了指南针。（把原文的某一部分译成主语）状?主
4. If you are asked personal questions you need not answer them.
如果有人向你提出私事的问题，
你尽可不答。（增加逻辑主语）（文中第6,7句）
二、 被动句译成汉语的判断句（文中第9句）
汉语中常用“……是……的”这一句式来说明人和事物的客观情况。 1. Everything in the world is built
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up from atoms.
世间万物都是由原子构成的。 2. The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.
那部科幻小说是我的一个朋友译
成中文的。
三、 被动句译成汉语的被动句（文中第1句）
此时，原文句子的主语一般仍译做主语，在谓语动词前加“被、受、由、让等字来表示被动意义。”
1.Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.
立功的人将受到奖励。
2. The design will be examined by a special committee.
这项设计将由一个专门委员会予
以审查。
3. Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch.
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面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、
云衫和白桦林所覆盖。 a) 将被动句译成汉语的无主句（文中第8句以及第九章）
汉语句子有的可以不带主语,因此,当无需说出行为主体时,可以将英语的被动句译成汉语的无主语句.一班来 说,英语中不带by短语并含情态动词的被动句都可以采用这种译法。翻译时，将原句的主语译成宾语，放在动词后面，也可以加“把、将、对”等词将宾语放在动词之前。
1) All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory.
在制定理论前，应该把有的所有数据资料都认真地搜索和研究。
2) Smoking is not allowed in this theatre.
本剧场内禁止吸烟。
3) More apartment houses will be built here.
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