应用科学则直接涉及应用问题。它研究的是如何将纯科学的工作定律应用于实际生活、应用于加强人类对其周围环境的控制，从而导致新技术、新工艺和新机器的产生。
二、顺译法
1.It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.
一个星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果园里，一面在听画眉鸟的啁啾，一面写一首爱情诗，忽然听得大门砰地关上，接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔来，后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。 分析：这个句子是由一个强调句（时间），一个状语从句和二个现在分词短语表示伴随的时间状语，还有一个介词短语。
2. Four scores and seven years ago our father brought fourth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and the proposition that all men are created equal.
87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家。它以自由为立国之本，奉行所有人生来平等的原则。
三、倒置法（按照汉语的逻辑顺序进行翻译）
1. And he know how ashamed he would have been if he had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.
他出生在这样一类人中间，他出生在这种地方，他有这样的母亲；这些要是让他知道了的话，他知道该多么丢人。
分析：这个句子由一个宾语从句，一个条件从句（在从句中的主语用and连接另外两个名词词组作宾语）和两个定语从句。
2. In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and science again approaching the ―unity‖ that it had two centuries ago—although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.
虽然现在积累起来的知识要多得多，而一个人也只可能了解其中的一小部分，但事实上，各科学之间界线却变得模糊不清，科学再次近似于两百年前那样的“单一整体”。
3. And I take heart from the fact that enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
吹嘘能在几小时内就能占领战略要地的敌人,由于一路受到顽强抵抗,甚至还没有能占领外围地带.这一事实使我增强了信心.
四、分译法（拆译）
1.When Smith was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his brother painters.
史密斯喝醉之后常常打老婆和女儿； 第二天带着头痛发牢骚， 抱怨世人不能赏识他的才华。他痛骂同行的画家都是糊涂虫。话很尖刻，有时候也有道理。
分析：这个句子由一个主从复合句（即状语从句）， 一个由And连接起来另一个句子和二个由引起的介词短语作状语。
2.Article I of the GATT is the celebrated most favored nation (MFN) clause under which each member nation must give treatment to other member nations‘ imports and exports that is at least as favorable as that applied to the most favored nation. 关税及贸易总协定的第一条是著名的最惠国条款，每一个成员国给予其他成员国的进出口货物的待遇至少和给予最惠国的待遇同样的优惠。
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3. The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing, which exhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, steady service, high drop and killing and ended in a draw.
外宾观看了在北京举行的这场锦标赛。这场比赛在发扣球、转球、 保险球、吊球和扣杀方面技术都十分精湛，最后打成了平局。他们看得简直人了迷。
五、练习
1.They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
2.The United Nations Secretary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.
3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.
五、练习
1. They (The poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
对于以往的几代人来说，旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫苦的手段，而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动。因此，首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。（重组）
2. The United Nations Secretary General say he is sure the Security Council will approve the agreement with Iraq about UN arms inspectors.
联合国秘书长说他确信安理会会批准与伊拉克达成的有关联合国武器核查人员的协议。（顺译）
3. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
50年代后期的美国出现了一个真正的奇观： 穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型的穷人。正是在这个时候大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子贫民窟。（倒置）
4. My mother, Jane Lampton Clements, died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away.
我的母亲简??兰普顿˙克来门斯是在她88岁那年去世的。 这对于一位40岁就身体纤弱、被公认有痼疾缠身、注定不久于人世的人来说，是难得的高龄。
5. The first technical service shall start in the sixth day after the contract comes into effect. Party B shall send a specialist to Party A‘s factory to provide technical service for 12 working day/man.
第一次技术服务应始于本合同生效之日起第六天.乙方应派遣一名技术人员赴甲方工厂,提供12 工作人/日的技术指导。
附加材料：
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1．
It was our view that the U.S. could
be effective in both the tasks outlined by the president--- that is, of ending hostilities as well as of making a contribution to a permanent peace in the Middle East--- if we conducted ourselves to that we could remain in permanent contact with all of these elements in the equation.
2． While the present century was in its teens,and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness,driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour.
3． The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had
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suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House. 4．
The Poet and the World
The world---whatever we might think when terrified by this vastness and our own impotence, or embittered by its indifference to individual suffering, of people, animals, and perhaps even plants, for why are we so sure that plants feel no pain; whatever we might think of its expanses pierced by the rays of stars surrounded by planets we've just begun to discover, planets already dead? still dead? We just don't know; whatever we might think of this measureless theater to which we've got reserved tickets, but tickets whose lifespan is laughably short, bounded as it is by two arbitrary dates; whatever
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else we might think of this world---it is astonishing.
(Wislawa Szymborska : Nobel Lecture 1996） 5． （When one individual inflicts bodily injury upon another, such injury that death results, we call the deed man-slaughter; when the assailant knew in advance that the injury would be fatal, we call his deed murder.) But when society places hundreds of proletarians in such a position that they inevitably meet a too early and an unnatural death, one which is quite as much a death by violence as that by the sword or bullet; when it deprives thousands of the necessaries of life, places them under conditions in which they cannot live---forces them, through the strong arm of the law, to remain in
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