(II)令h(x)?f(x)?2x,∵h'(x)?f'(x)?2?0 ∴函数h(x)为减函数
,即f(x)0?成2x又∵h(c2)?f(c2)?2c2?0 ∴当x?c2时,h(x)?立………………8分
(III)不妨设x1?x2 ∵f又∵f'(x)?0,∴f(x)为增函数,即f(x1)?f(x2)
'(x)?2,∴函数f(x)?2x为减函数,即f(x1)?2x1?f(x2)?2x2
∴0?f(x2)?f(x1)?2(x2?x1) 即|f(x2)?f(x1)|?2|x2?x1| |x2?x1|?|x2?c1?c1?x1|?|x2?c1|?|c1?x1|?2 ∴|f(x1)?f(x2)|?4
?1?设函数f(x)??1??(n?N,且n?1,x?N).
?n??1?(Ⅰ)当x=6时,求?1??的展开式中二项式系数最大的项;
?n?(Ⅱ)对任意的实数x,证明
nnf(2x)?f(2)>f?(x)(f?(x)是f(x)的导函数);
2nk?1?(Ⅲ)是否存在a?N,使得an<??1??<(a?1)n恒成立?若存在,试证明你的结论并求
k?k?1?出a的值;若不存在,请说明理由.
本题考察函数、不等式、导数、二项式定理、组合数计算公式等内容和数学思想方法。考查综合推理论证与分析解决问题的能力及创新意识。
?1?20(Ⅰ)解:展开式中二项式系数最大的项是第4项,这项是C1???3
n?n?3563?1??1?(Ⅱ)证法一:因f?2x??f?2???1????1??
?n??n??1??1??1??2?1????1???2?1???n??n??n?n2n22n2n?1??1???1???2?1?? ?n??n?n?1??1??1??1??2?1??ln?1???2?1??ln?1???2f'?x?
?n??2??n??n?
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n证法二:
?1??1??1??1??1?因f?2x??f?2???1????1???2?1????1???2?1???n??n??n??n??n?2n22n2n?1???1?? ?n??1??1?而2f?x??2?1??ln?1??
?n??n?'n故只需对?1???1??1?ln和?1??进行比较。 ?n??n?'令g?x??x?lnx?x?1?,有g?x??1?由
1x?1 ?xxx?1?0,得x?1 x''因为当0?x?1时,g?x??0,g?x?单调递减;当1?x???时,g?x??0,g?x?单调递增,所以在x?1处g?x?有极小值1 故当x?1时,g?x??g?1??1,
从而有x?lnx?1,亦即x?lnx?1?lnx 故有?1???1??1??ln??1??恒成立。 n??n?'所以f?2x??f?2??2f?x?,原不等式成立。
2km(Ⅲ)对m?N,且m?1
?1?01?1?2?1?有?1???Cm?Cm??Cm?????mmm??????m?m?1??1??1?1?????2!?m?2mk?1??Cm????m?m?1??Cm?? ?m??m?m?1?k!?m?k?1??1?k????m?m?m?1??m!2?1?1????m?m
?2?1?1?1????2!?m??1?1??2?1?1?????k!?m??m??k?1??1???m???1?1?1???m!?m??m?1??1??
m???2??2?11??2!3!?1?k!??1 m!?1
m?m?1?11??2?13?21?k?k?1? 42
?1??11??2??1????????2??23?1??1??????k?1k?1??1???? ?m?1m??3?1?3 mkkm?1?又因C???0?k?2,3,4,?m?m1??,m?,故2??1???3
?m?kmn1???1?∵2??1???3,从而有2n???1???3n成立,
k??m?k?1??1?即存在a?2,使得2n???1???3n恒成立。
k?k?1?构造
1. 已知函数f(x)??x?ax?b
(1) 若函数y?f(x)图象上任意不同两点连线的斜率都小于1,则?3?a?3; (2) 若x?[0,1],函数y?f(x)图象上任一点切线的斜率为k,求k?1时a的取值范围。 解答(1)设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)是函数图象上任意不同两点,则
32nky1?y2?1,显然x1?x2,
x1?x2不妨设x1?x2,则y1?y2?x1?x2,即y1?x1?y2?x2,构造函数g(x)?f(x)?x,则
22g(x)在R上是减函数,则g?(x)??3x?2ax?1?0在R上恒成立,故??(2a)?12?0,
解之得?3?a?3 (2)当x?[0,1]时,k?f?(x)??3x?2ax,即对任意的x?[0,1],k?1,即
2?
?f?(1)??3?2a?1?
a?
?3x2?2ax?1在x?[0,1]成立,由于f?(0)?0?1,则必需满足?0??1
3??aa2
?1?f?()?
33?
?f?(1)??3?2a?1?f?(1)??3?2a?1??或?a或?a,解得1?a?3 ??1??0?3?3导数与二项式定理
12
x + lnx. 2(I)求函数f (x )在[1,e]上的最大、最小值;
. 已知函数f (x ) =
43
(II)求证:在区间[1,+∞)上,函数f (x )的图象在函数g (x ) =(III)求证:[f?(x )]n-f?(xn)≥2n-2(n∈N*). 解:(I)易知f (x )在[1,e]上是增函数.
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x的图象的下方; 3121e + 1;f (x )min = f (1 ) =. 22(1?x)(1?x?2x2)122312
(II)设F (x ) =x + lnx-x,则F?(x ) = x +-2x =.
x23x∵ x>1,∴ F?(x )<0,故F (x )在(1,+∞)上是减函数,
1又F (1) =-<0,∴ 在(1,+∞)上,有F (x )<0,
6122即x2 + lnx<x3,故函数f (x )的图象在函数g (x ) =x3的图象的下方. 233(III)当n = 1时,不等式显然成立;
11当n≥2时,有:[f?(x )]n-f?(xn) = (x +)n-(xn +n)
xx11111n-12n-21n-22n-4n?1n?1=Cnx·+Cnx·2+ … +Cnx·n?1=Cnx +Cnx + … +Cnx·n?2
xxxx11111n-2--2n?1=[Cn(x +n?2) +Cn(xn4 +n?4) + … +Cn(n?2+ xn2)] 2xxx112n?1≥(2Cn+ 2Cn+ … + 2Cn) = 2n-2. 2注:第二问可数学归纳法证
∴ f (x )max = f (e ) =
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