2016高考英语语法必考点与常考点归纳
一、冠词
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法 1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 3 表示“每一”相当于every，one 4 表示“相同”相当于the same A plane is a machine that can fly. A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 We study eight hours a day. We are nearly of an age. — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. 5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6 用于固定词组中 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time This room is rather a big one. She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 II. 定冠词的用法
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7 8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ 1 表示某一类人或物 popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2 3 4 5 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 用于演奏乐器 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean Would you mind opening the door? play the violin, play the guitar the reach, the living, the wounded —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? 6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in 词用法5） the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 He is the taller of the two children. the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French The compass was invented in China. in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代) I hired the car by the hour. He patted me on the shoulder. 8 9 10 11 用于表示度量单位的名词前 12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法 1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is each, every等限制 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 this? March, Sunday, National Day, spring 3 2
4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 5 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. He likes playing football/chess. We went right round to the west coast by ______ 6 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前 sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the 不填；不填 B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night Horses are useful animals. 二、名词和主谓一致
I. 名词的种类
专有名词 国名地名人名，团体机构名称 可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 普通名词 不可数名词 物质名词 特别注意:名词类别的相互转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
例 句 ①She held some flowers in her hand. ②The trees are now in flower ①Youth is beautiful. ②He is a youth of twenty ①They have achieved remarkable success in their work. ②—How about the Christmas evening party? 3
意 义 花儿 开花 青春 年轻人 成功 名词性质 个体名词 抽象名词 抽象名词 个体名词 抽象名词 成功的事 个体名词 —I should say it was a success. 物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例 句 ①Iron is a kind of metal. ②Please lend me your iron. ①He broke a piece of glass. ②He broke a glass. ①I bought a chicken this morning ②Please help yourself to some chicken 抽象名词与个体名词的转换
①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please. —Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be 具有动作意义的抽象helpful 名词加用与某些动词A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a （如：have等）连 ②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽用，表示某一次短暂象名词） 的动作 A.a B.an C./ D.the ③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词） 意 义 铁 熨斗 玻璃 玻璃杯 小鸡 鸡肉 名词性质 物质名词 个体名词 物质名词 个体名词 个体名词 物质名词 4
A.a B.an C./ D.the 类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try ①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today. A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况) 表示知识和时间的抽give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识) 象名词转换为普通名have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) 词时可以用来表示 ②If there were no examination, we should have______at school. 其中的一部分 A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time ③ is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times 抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象①Oh, John. _____you gave me! A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise ②She looked up when I shouted. 5