The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 长江江水滚滚向东流。 The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示） He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行 过去进行时 was/were doing They were still working when I left. 3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生 I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示过去将来动作 He said she was arriving the next day. 26
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已 完成的动作。 I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往 和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。 He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college. 3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been 现在完成时 has/have done to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。 —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room. —She knows a lot about Shanghai. －She has been there. 4.短暂动词（即瞬间动词）， join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态 中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：He has joined the army for three years. 27
要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用 ①“ago法” He joined the army three years ago. ②“延续法” He has been in the army for three years. ③“since法” It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。 He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到 另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。 过去完成时 had done At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的 过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。 28
We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短 will/shall have 将来完成时 done We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继现在完成进行时 has/have been doing 续下 去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00. 过去完成进had been doing 行时 will/shall do is/am/are going to 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况 一般将来时 do （详见下面2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较） is/am/are（about）to do 过去将来时 would/should do 1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的29
语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。 was/were going to 状态 do He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北was/were（about）京。 to do I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。 2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常 He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。 2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较 将来时 用 法 例 句 He is moving to the be + doing 进行时1 表将来 可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 Are they leaving for Europe? I was about to leave be about to + 动2 词原形 作，后面一般不跟时间状语 The meeting is about to close. We’re to meet at the 3 be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 school gate at noon. 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动when the bell rang. go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词south. 30