一 表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这致 是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整 体。 原 若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的则 复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 All have gone to Beijing. Thirty minutes is enough for the work.. Twenty pounds is too dear. 如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式 Forty kilos of water are used every day. The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及The paper works was built in 1990.这家造news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的纸厂建于1990年。 名词， 实际意义为单数名词， I don’t think physics is easy to study. 它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, My glasses are broken. scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等The pair of shoes under the bed is his. One and a half apples is left on the table. 11
量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。 “定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。 Either the teacher or the students are our 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not friends. only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语Neither he nor they are wholly right. The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。 Neither they nor he is wholly right. 就 近 there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决/于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接Is neither he nor they wholly right? There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 远 的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一 一致，即就近一致。 致 主语后面跟有with, together with, 原 except, but, like, as well as, no less 则 than, rather than, more than, besides, Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the along with, including, in addition to 等引playground. 起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 就远一致。 The girls as well as the boy have learned to 12
speak Japanese. No one except my teachers knows anything about it. 三、代词
I. 代词可以分为以下八大类
主格 宾格 人称代1 词 主代词 名词性物主mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, 2 反身代词 yourselves, themselves 13
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 形容词性物my, your, his, her, its, our, their 3 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, 4 疑问代词 whatever 5 关系代词/连接代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ 6 不定代词 little/ a few/ a little other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either 7
相互代词 each other,one another II. 不定代词用法注意点 类 别 区 别 例 句 ①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet. A.one B.ones one, one可以泛指人或者事some， （东西），其复数为ones any和it phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those fact far more serious _______ than mobile ②Cars do cause us some health problems — in C.it D.them 14
some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等 —Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico．Would you like ________? A.it B.some C.this D.1ittle ①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个 ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —________way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either one指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。 —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it ①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get some多用于肯定句，any________. 多用于疑问句和否定句 A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,any 15