When I came into the room, he was when指的是“某一具体的writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写时间” When 信。 whenever We shall go there whenever we are 时间” free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。 I was walking along the street when when意为“这时”或“在那suddenly someone patted me on the 个时候”,可以看作是并列when shoulder from behind.我正在街上走句,这种用法的when分着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 句一般位于句末。 时 While it was raining, they went out.天while指“在某一段时间间 下雨的时候，他们出去了。 状 从 时候我在。 He hurried home, looking behind as he as引导持续性动作，强调as went. 主句和从句的动作同时while I stayed while he was away.他不在的的动作必须是持续性的 里”，“在…期间”，while引导whenever指的是“在任何他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 发生 Be a pupil before you become a before teacher.先做学生，再做先生。 He arrived after the game started.比赛 after 开始后，他到了。 till We waited till (until)he came back .我如主句动词是持续性动46
们一直等到他回来。 作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止” She didn’t stop working until eleven 如主句动词是瞬间动词，o’clock .她到11点钟才停止工作。 until 常用否定式，表示“直…Until he had passed out of sight, she 才”“在…以前不”,从句放stood there. 在句首表示强调，一般用她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 until Great changes have taken place in 状语从句在主句之前时China since 1978. since 自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变如从句在主句之后则不 化。 as soon as As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 I had hardly got home when it began hardly…when和no to rain. sooner…than的意义相必用标点符号。 一般用逗号与主句分开，我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I 当于as soon as,但只表hardly…when got home when it began to rain. No sooner had we got to the station 为过去完成时，从句为过no sooner…than than the train left. 我们刚到车站，火车就走了。 去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气示过去发生的事情，主句Hardly had we begun when we were 强，而且主句的谓语要用47
told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。 部分倒装 Every time I travelled by boat, I got 在时间状语从句中，不能seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。 用将来时或过去将来时，The moment I heard the song, I felt 而要用现在时或过去时every time, by the cheerful. time, the moment等 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。 Next time you come ,you’ll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有where与wherever意义志者，事竟成。 地 where 点 状 wherever 从 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。 Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 I came back late yesterday because I because用来回答why 原 because 因 值班。 状 Since everyone is here, let’s begin our since表示既然或全已知从 since meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开的理由,稍加分析即可表明was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我的问题，语气最强 You are free to go wherever you like.有水，哪里就有生命。 基本相同，但后者语气较代替将来时 Where there is water there is life.哪里强，多用于书面语 48
会。 的原因,多放句首 As he didn’t know much English, he 从句常放在句首，说明原looked up the word in the dictionary . 因，主句说明结果，常用as 由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅于口语中。 这个单词。 Now (that) the weather has cleared seeing (that), now that up, we can start our journey. 和since, as 意义相似，鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。 他们都有“鉴于某个事实”now that, seeing that Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent 的意思，that可以省去 for the doctor. 鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 I shall write down your telephone 目的状语从句中常用情number that I may not forget. 态动词may (might) can 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 (could) ,should 等放在that 目 的 状 从 so that in order that lest = for fear that We’ll tell you the truth so that you can 动词之前，从句往往放在judge for yourself. 判断。 They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。 Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免感冒。 结 果 状 so that so…that We turned up the radio, so that so that前有逗号为结果everyone heard the news. 状语从句 我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到so…that的so后面跟形了新闻。 容词或副词 49
主句之后，主从句之间不我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出用任何标点符号 从 He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。 He gave such important reasons that such…that的such后面he was excused. 跟名词，如果名词是单数他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的就要用such a /an…that谅解。 还可以转换用so…that，It is such an interesting novel that all of 语气较强 us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it. 这是一本十分有趣的书，大家都想看。 Difficulties are nothing if we are not unless从句的谓语只能afraid of them. 用肯定式。unless和if…如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么not同义，unless是书面了。 语，if…not是口语，通常We shall go there tomorrow unless it 二者可以换用 rains.除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。 条件状语从句中的谓语= We shall go there tomorrow if it 动词的时态一般要用现doesn’t rain. 在时或过去时代替一般So/As long as you work hard, you will 将来时或过去将来时 succeed.只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。 In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。 So far as I know, the book will be published next month. 据我所知，那本书下月出版。 Draw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你此处as译为：按照或正的画一只猫。 如 Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做as if或as though的意义的去做。 和用法基本一样。从句中She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象可以用现在时表示可能是生病了。 符合事实，也可以用虚拟He acted as if (though) nothing had 语气 happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。 They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 Although (Though) he was over sixty, 在句子中一般用了“虽然”(yet) he began to learn French. 就不能再用“但是”（but）虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法但可以与yet或still连用。语 。 though / although意义相50
such…that 条 件 状 从 if unless as/so long as in case so far as 方 式 状 从 as as if… as though 让 步 状 although though