摘 要
汉语叹词的基本作用是表达说话人的情感，学好叹词对正确地表情达意有重要意义。叹词词形的多样与语境的配合性给学习者造成了很大困难，也给对外汉语教学增加了困难。因此，寻找有效的方法对对外汉语叹词的教学十分必要。语料范围界定在《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》及相关对外汉语教材中。叹词教学是对外汉语教学中的难点之一，明确进一步研究的必要性。选取合适的研究思路、方法，以对比分析为理论基础展开研究。对语料进行查找、分析、筛选和验证，建立一个封闭的语料库，对语料进行穷尽式分析。对叹词进行分类并通过对教材及大纲的分析，发现叹词出现的规律和教材中存在的问题，提出相应的解决方案；通过对比分析，找出汉英叹词在数量、语音、句法、结构、语用、文化等方面的异同规律，力求对留学生叹词的学习有所帮助。结合对外汉语教学的实践，在教学的不同阶段，根据学习者的学习能力和认知水平，对不同叹词的教学要有所侧重；提出相应的教学策略与对教材和大纲及工具书编写的启示，对教师能力的要求；对常见易混叹词进行对比分析，提出相应的教学对策。
关键词：叹词；对英汉语教学；对比；策略；
Abstract
Chinese interjection is one of the basic modes of emotional expression. Mastering interjection can help express correctly. It is difficult for learners to study interjection which is various and usually in context. It causes many difficulties to teach in TCFL. Therefore, it is necessary to find the effective methods for TCFL. Define interjections as the research object, by The Vocabulary in Outline of HSK and related TCFL textbooks, and ascertain its important position in TCFL, and highlight the necessity of further study. Choose suitable research methods, with comparative analysis theory as the theoretical foundation to develop the topic. Through analysis, searching, screening and verification on the language data form a closed language database. Classify the interjection, through the analysis of the textbooks and outline, and find out the laws of interjection and problems in textbooks, and put forward the corresponding solutions. By comparative analysis, find out the similarities and differences on qualities, pronunciation, structure, pragmatic, function and cultural in Chinese-English interjections, in the help of foreign students. Combined with the practice of TCFL, according to the ability of learners and cognitive level, have the stress of interjections in different stages of teaching; put forward the corresponding teaching strategies in view of the errors caused by reasons and get the enlightenment of the textbook and outline and reference books and the ability of teacher. By comparative analysis of easily mistaken interjection, point out corresponding teaching countermeasures.
Key words: interjection; TCEL; comparative; strategy
目 录
中文摘要.............................................................................................. I 英文摘要............................................................................................ II 中文目录........................................................................................... III 英文目录............................................................................................. V 一、绪 论 ..........................................................................................1
（一）选题的缘由 ................................................ 1 （二）叹词的界定 ................................................ 1
1.汉语叹词的界定............................................. 1 2.英语叹词的界定............................................. 2 （三）叹词的研究现状 ............................................ 2
1.现代汉语中叹词的研究成果................................... 3 2.汉英叹词对比研究........................................... 5 3.国外研究成果............................................... 6 4.对外汉语中对叹词教学的研究成果............................. 7 （四）研究中存在的问题及发展趋势 ................................ 8
1.存在问题................................................... 8 2.发展趋势................................................... 8 （五）语料来源及分析程序 ........................................ 8
1.语料来源................................................... 8 2.分析程序................................................... 9 （六）研究的理论基础和研究方法 .................................. 9
1.理论基础................................................... 9 2.研究方法................................................... 9
二、叹词在对外汉语教材与大纲中的收录情况................................10
（一）叹词的分类 ............................................... 10 （二）对外汉语教材中叹词的出现情况 ............................. 11 （三）叹词在《高等学校外国留学生汉语教学大纲.长期进修（附件）》中出现的情况 ....................................................... 14 （四）叹词在《汉语水平（词汇）等级大纲》中出现的情况 ........... 14 （五）叹词在各教材中的解释 ..................................... 16
（六）叹词在动态作文语料库中的情况 ............................. 18 （七）叹词在教材及动态语料中出现的位置 ......................... 18
三、汉英叹词异同分析 .....................................................................20
（一）汉英叹词的相同之处 ....................................... 21
1.从位置上看................................................ 21 2.从作用上看................................................ 23 3.汉英叹词活用.............................................. 24 4.从形式上看................................................ 25 5.从语义特征上看............................................ 26 6.其他方面.................................................. 29 （二）汉英叹词的不同 ........................................... 30
1.汉英叹词的数量比较........................................ 30 2.汉英叹词的句法特征比较.................................... 30 3.汉英叹词的语音特征比较.................................... 31 4.汉英叹词的结构特征比较.................................... 34 5.汉英叹词的语用功能比较.................................... 34 6.文化与社会差异.........................................................................................40
四、叹词在对英汉语教学中的问题 ..................................................41
（一）对英汉语叹词的教学现状分析 ............................... 41 （二）教材和大纲的规范化问题 ................................... 42 （三）分清汉语叹词在对英汉语教学中的重点和难点 ................. 42 （四）对教学的启示 ............................................. 43
1.对不同教学阶段的启示...................................... 43 2.对教材及工具书编写的启示.................................. 45 3． 对教师能力要求.......................................... 46 （五）对英汉语叹词的整体教学策略及常用易混叹词的比较 ........... 46
1.整体教学策略.............................................. 46 2.常用易混叹词的比较与相应的教学对策........................ 48
五、结 语 ........................................................................................51 参考文献............................................................................................52 后 记............................................................................................56 作者攻读学位期间的学术成果 ..........................................................58
Contents
Chinese abstract .................................................................................. I English abstract................................................................................. II Chinese contents ............................................................................... III English contents ................................................................................. V 1. Introduction.....................................................................................1
1.1 The reason of the choice of the topic ................................................................ 1 1.2The research of interjection................................................................................ 1
1.2.1The definition of chinese interjection ...................................................... 1 1.2.2The definition of english interjection ....................................................... 2 1.3 Present situation of the research ...................................................................... 2
1.3.1The research of allograph in modern chinese .......................................... 3 1.3.2Comparative study on Chiese-english interjection .................................. 5 1.3.3.Foreign review ........................................................................................ 6 1.3.4The research of TCFL .............................................................................. 7 1.4The problems existed and the trend in development ....................................... 8
1.4.1The existed problems ............................................................................... 8 1.4.2The trend in development ........................................................................ 8 1.5The origin of etymology and analyzed program .............................................. 8
1.5.1The origin of etymology and analyzed program .................................... 8 1.5.2Analyzed program .................................................................................. 9 1.6The theory basis and the methodology .............................................................. 9
1.6.1The theory basis ..................................................................................... 9 1.6.2The methodology ..................................................................................... 9
2. The appearance of interjection in the textbooks and the outline .10
2.1The classification of interjection .................................................................... 10 2.2The appearance of interjection of textbooks in TCFL .................................... 11 2.3The
appearance
of
interjection
in
Foreign
Students
College
Syllabus.Long-term Studies(Accessories) ............................................................. 14 2.4The appearance of interjection in Chinese Proficiency Level Outline ............. 14 2.5Explanations of interjection in textbooks......................................................... 16