识来解决问题的能力。新世纪的人才应该具备学习、创新、创业和服务的能力。雇主所觅求的雇员要具有特别技能、创造性和能够制胜成功的素质。这正是在美国学习经验的最基本内容。
Q：我读大学的时候，流传着这样一句话：“学好数理化，走遍天下都不怕。”意思是说：掌握一门专业知识，像学会一门手艺，一辈子衣食无忧。结果是很少有人愿意学历史、文学、哲学等课程。由于大量资金和精力花在了更实惠的学科领域，现在中国人文教学正经历着困难的时刻。对此，您有何高见？
A：我对中国高等教育的具体情况不大了解, 我可以谈谈哈佛。哈佛大学认为，每位学生除了要精于特定的专业外，还应该具有广博的知识。新生必须上两学期的英语课程，和一年的哲学、文学类课程，而且不论选择什么专业，都要选读人文、社会科学或自然科学课程。这些课程使各专业学生品质完美起来。科学精神与人文精神应当交融。诚然，我们都需要一个职业，但同时我们也应该看到文明已经在一些远离我们自身职业的领域积聚了大量的知识，由于理解了这些文明的贡献 -- 不管他们是科学的，还是艺术的，我们的生活将更加美好。说一所大学好，是说师资好，校舍好，设备、网络、图书资料好。但这还不够。最主要的，还是要说学生品质好。大学并不只是传授专业技能，大学的责任是全面提高学生的品质。
如果你注视历史上的伟人，他们许多人都是熟读历史，熟悉文学艺术，以史为镜的人。林肯和丘吉尔青年时代都读了大量的文学作品。中国是一个诗的国度。中国领导人在他们的演讲中经常引用古诗名句，这使他们的讲话更深刻，充满人文精神。胡锦涛主席和温家宝总理读大学时都是学理工的，他们也都精通文学艺术。胡先生的传统剪纸艺术作品非常美，温先生的诗“仰望星空”给我留下深刻的印象。我想一个要为人民培养精英的社会，一个要在未来的岁月中成为理性的社会，不仅需要实用知识（不管是会计学，还是工程学），也需要思考永恒的问题，如爱是什么？人性是什么？我喜欢读列夫.托尔斯泰的小说《战争与和平》、《安娜.卡列尼娜》、《复活》。托尔斯泰的
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所有作品都有很强的人文精神。我认为，确保一所大学有一套
以人为本的价值观对高等教育是非常重要的。
在大学，学生们会逐渐。道很多东西和许多传统。在哈佛大学，最重要的是，它是一个中心，一个新思想、新创建得以产生和传播的中心。事实不断证明，世界最重要的东西最终还是新思想。
最近我们对哈佛的政策做出了一项重要调整，那就是让我
们的学生有机会去国外学习。我们渐渐认识到在国外学习生活一段时间是学生成才的重要环节。留学是一种生活方式。它意味着更多的学生了解外国文化，更多的学生理解世界上不同人群的生活方式。
Q: 作为哈佛校长教授, 请介绍一下您的教学理念和对您的学生的 希望。
A: 威廉-巴特勒-叶芝说过:“教育不是把桶灌满, 而是把火点燃。”
如果我对我的每一个学生只有一个希望的话，那就是在未来的岁月，让他们把火点燃，让他们的大脑被人类思维能力某些领域吸引，让他们满怀激情去质疑、去探索、去理解、去领会、去发展。这对于任何有成就的人是至关重要的。哈佛大学及其全体员工最重要的任务就是这些方面给学生以帮助。
Q: 自1979年起您已九次访华。请谈一下这些年来您所看到的中
国的变化。
A： 我第一次访华时, 这里的电话还通不到美国去; 第一次访华时,
我遇到的人能说英语的很少; 很少有人谈论电视; 人们对诸如因特网和伊妹儿之类的东西一无所知。世界在这25年里发生了很大的变化，中国的变化更大。我认为在20世纪的历史纪录中, 柏林墙的陷落和冷战的结束是第二个故事, 而第一个故事当推拥有几十亿人口的众多国家戏剧般的崛起，这是一个要从中国讲起的故事。2008年奥运会将在北京举行。我相信中国的经济发展会 “更快、更高、更强”。中国的明天会更好！
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Exercises
Topics for Discussion:
1．How to prepare for an interview?
2．What are the criteria for a good university
Translations
Ⅰ.Translate the following sentences into English: 1. 作为青年志愿者，我要报效祖国，把生命献给人类崇高的事业。我铭记这一圣训：把和睦与亲善送给众人。我愿在摩托罗拉公司提供的富有挑战性的环境中，完善自己，发挥才能。这是我来求职的主要原因。
2. 学生在哈佛度过的四年时间是他们一生中最重要的时期；这四年决定了他们将来的事业；在这里建立的友谊永远长存。
3． 文学艺术促进了我对西方各国的文化和价值观的了解; 英语原
版电影提高了我的英语水平。通过原版电影学英语使我的英语学习自然，有效，其乐无穷。
4. 摩托罗拉筛选应聘者的最后一关，也是最重要的一个环节，是
对每个应聘者个人品行和职业道德的考察。如果一个应聘者的品行不符合摩托罗拉的要求，就算他的专业背景再好，工作兴趣再高，摩托罗拉也不会录用。这是因为摩托罗拉非常强调团队精神, 一个品行欠佳的人会影响团队的凝聚力和战斗力，他的个人能力再强，也不能弥补他对公司整体造成的损失。虽然一个人的品行很难量化，但是摩托罗拉的人力资源总监认为，在面试的过程中，仍然可以从多个方面来判断一个人的品行。比如有的人来面试，问他一个问题，他明明不懂，但是他装懂，经过一次提醒之后，他还在那儿装懂，继续胡扯。这样的人一看就是说谎惯了的。有的人为了达到某种目的，会隐瞒一些问题，只要稍加追问，很快就会露出马脚。**
Ⅱ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese:
1. Ivy-League includes Brown, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton and Yale in north-east America. It is firmly committed to a policy of nondiscrimination against any person on
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the basis of sex, age, race, color, religion, creed, national origin, ancestry, marital status, handicap, and sexual orientation.
2. There is no royal road to learning. Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are the three pillars of learning. There are only two powers in the world, the sword and the pen, and in the end the former is always conquered by the latter.
3. Education is the chief defense of nation. Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern but impossible to enslave. Only a nation of educated people could remain free.
4. A dedicated educator, Confucius enrolled a total of three thousand students in his lifetime. Among them seventy two came out as exemplary scholars. Through education, Confucius disseminated his political thoughts. Eventually, the philosophy of Confucius and his disciples evolved into a school of thought known as “Confucianism” that was to exert a tremendous influence on the Chinese feudal society for thousands of years.
III. Translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (NETEM 1990s). The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (1) The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.
(2) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.
To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world's population is in sight. Although the birth rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.
(3) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,
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which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?
To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.(4) This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt tightening at home.
In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavoring additives. (5) Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.
Interpretations： I. Choose any one of the following topics and make an English
speech or conversation. 1. Self-introduction 2. A Job Interview
3. Interview with a person you admire most
II. Interpret the following picture:
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