二、动词句型
1.系动词be+表语
说明:该句型中的表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短 语、不定式、动名词等充当。例如:
He is a student.他是学生。(名词) It’S me.是我。(代词)
The sun is red.太阳红。(形容词)
This novel is very interestin9.这故事很有趣。(现在分词) He is very excited.他很兴奋。(过去分词)
They are downstairs.他们在楼下。(副词)
I am in Number 2,Row l.我在1排2号。(介词短语)
Her job is to raise pigs.她的工作是养猪。(不定式)
Seeing is believin9.眼见为实。(动名词)
错误辨析:在该句型中,be是不可缺少的,汉语中的“是”字常不出现。试译: 我在3班。
误:I in Class 3.
正:I am in Class 3.
2.其他系动词+表语
说明:英语的系动词除be以外,还有fall,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,become,grow,get,.turn,come,go,keep,stay等。它们后面常接形容词作表语,其中有些已构成固定搭配:
come true(变成现实;实现) fall asleep(睡着) fall/be/get/become sick(生病)
get close to(接近) get/grow angry(生气) go bad/sour(变质;变坏/酸) go hungry(挨饿)
go mad(发疯) go wrong(出毛病) keep fit/healthy(保持健康) look nice(看上去很好)
turn red(变红)
例如:
Last night。as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt l went to the garden.昨晚我一入睡就梦见我去了花园。 ,
Her last hope has come true,她最后的希望已经实现。 He became
sick because of eating too much. 他因吃得太多而生病了。
You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必须照顾
好自己,保持身体健康。
Something has gone wrong with the machine.这机器出了毛病。 When I said so。he grew doubly angry.我这样一说,他愈发生气。
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These bananas look very nice,这些香蕉看上去很好。
3.系动词+形容词/分词+介词
说明:该句型中的形容词/分词与介词的搭配是固定的。 这样的短语在
初中英语中是很多的:
be accustomed to(习惯于) be active in(在??方面积极)
be afraid of(害怕??;不敢??)
be angry at/with(时/为??生气) be amazed at(对??感到惊讶) be away on a trip(正在旅行)
be based on(以??为基础;根/依据) ’ be born in/of(出生于??
/来源于??)
be busy with/doing sth.(忙于做某事) be careful with/about(注
意??)
be certain/sure of/about(确信??) be clever at(在??方面有才能) be connected t0/by(与/由??相连) be covered with(为??所覆盖) be different from(与??不同)
be excited at/about(对??感到兴奋)
be familiar to sb./with sth.(熟悉某人/某事)
be famous for(因??而出名;以??闻名/著称) be filled with(充
满??)
be fond of(喜欢??;爱好??) be full of(充满??)
be good at(擅长于??;在??方面做/学得好) be good for(对??有
益)
be good to(对??好)
be happy about/at/with(因??而高兴) be harmful to(对??有害) be interested in(对??感兴趣)
be kind of sb.(某人真好/真友善) be known for(因??而出名) be known to(为??所熟知)
be late for(迟于;赶不上做某事) be lOW in(贫乏;舍有少量的??) be
made from/of(用??做成)
be made in(??制造) be made into(做成??)
be made up of(由??组成/构成) be named after?(以??名字命名)
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be noted for(以??而出名/著称;因??而出名) be pleased at/about(对??感到高兴/满意)
be poor in(缺乏/少??)
be popular with/among(受??的欢迎) be prepared for(准备??;防备??) be proud of(为??感到自豪/骄傲) be rich in(盛产;含有丰富的??)
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be satisfied with(对??感到满意/满足) be set in(以??为背景;发生在??) be short for(是??缩写/简称)
be slow at(在??方面慢/差)
be sorry for/about(对??感到惭愧/抱歉) be surprised at(对??感到惊奇) be used as(被当作??用) be used by(由??使用) be used for(被用来??) be used to(习惯于??) be worried about/over(为??烦恼/发愁) be worth(doing)sth.(值得做某事)
例如:
He is accustomed to hard work.他习惯于艰苦的工作。 He is/seams afraid of losing the job.
他(似乎)害怕丢掉这份工作。 He is angry at my wordS- 他为我的话而生气。(angry at后面接事)
My father was angry with me for staying out tOO late.
我父亲因我太晚不归而生我的气。(angry with后面接人) He was amazed at all the eolours.
他对所有缤纷的色彩感到惊讶。
Lin Ta0’S teacher told them that Jim was away 013 a trip. 林涛的老师告诉他们吉姆正在旅行。
What he has done is based Off the interests of the people. 他所做的都是从人民的利益出发的。
As he was busy searching the internet,he became interest-44 ed in how different countries were.
在他忙于在网上查找时,他对各国的不同之处产生了兴趣。 He is quite clever at drawin9.他在绘画方面很有才能。
He is good at swimmin9.他擅长游泳。 He is good to US all.他对我们都很好。 The ground outside is covered with white snow. 外面的地面上覆盖着白雪。
This car is a little different from that one. 这辆汽车与那一辆有点不同。 China is very famous for its food in the WOrld 中国菜在世界上很有名。 He is known to US all.他为我们大家所熟知。 The computer is made in China.这台电脑是中国制造的。 The shoes a旧made of leather.
这些鞋是用皮革做的。(be made of用于看得出原材料的制 成品)
Paper is made frc》m bamb00.wOOd and grass.
纸是用竹子、木头和草做成的。(be made from用于看不 出原材料的制成品)
Metal can be made into keys.
金属能制成钥匙。(be的前面为原料,int0之后为成品) The committee is made up of five members.
该委员会由5个成员组成。
She is fond of singing and dancin9.她喜欢唱歌跳舞。 The room is full of
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people.房间里挤满了人。
Buildings are often named after their designers. 建筑物常以它们的设计者的名字命名。
He w∞very pleased at hearing the news. 听到这消息他感到很高兴。
They are very proud of their SOIL 他们为自己的儿子感到非常骄傲。 He is very satisfied with the new house. ’ 他对新房屋感到很满意。
Jim is short for James.吉姆是詹姆斯的简称。 45
He is very slow at counting numbers.他数数很慢。 1 was surprised at seeing him there.
看到他在那里我感到吃惊。
Aren’t you sorry for/about what you’ve done? 你难道不为自己做的事情感到懊悔吗?
The umbrella is often used as a stick by the old man. 这把伞常被这位老人当作拐杖用。
Chinese is used by the largest number of people in the world.在世界上使用汉语的人数最多。
Pens are used for writin9.钢笔用来写字。 He is used to the life here/getting up early. 他习惯于这里的生活/早起。
His family are all worried about him because he alwavs comes back home late.因为他经常晚归,所以家人都为他担心。 4、动词+介词
《il曩有些“不及物动词+介词”相当于一个及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语;有些不及物动词则是后接“介词+名词或代词”作状语。例如: We arrived at the conclusion at last.
我们最后得出了结论。(arrive at相当于及物动词,con— clusion为宾语)
We arrived at the village at last.
我们最后到了那村子。(at the village为状语)
一般来说,在同一个短语里,动词与介词的结合表示引申的意义,而且介词和动词的结合是不可分离的,这个短语就相当于及物动词,后接宾语。如果表示原义,而且介词可以与动词分离,与后面的名词构成介词短语,作状语。这种情况有时不易区分,对于初学者来说,也无需刻意地去考究它们,重要的是掌握哪些动词与哪些介词搭配,因此我们把这些短语逐一列出,供同学们学习时参考。
act as(扮演;充当;起??作用) act in(演出;在??扮演角色) agree on/upon(在某事上取得一致意见)
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agree to[同意;接受(后接表示建议、计划等名词)] agree with(同意某人的看法;与某人看法一致)
answer for(对I O Q OI O\负责;得到??报应) answer to(适合;对??有反应) argue about(为??争吵) argue with(与??争论) arrive at/in(到达某地) askfor(要求;请求;找人)
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begin with(以??开始;以??为起点) believe in(信赖;信任某人) belong to(属于)
call at(访问某地;到??作短暂访问;停留) call on/upon sb.(i/r问/探望某人)
come across(偶然遇见或发现) come into being(产生;诞生) cometo(总计;达到)
COme to an end(结束) come to life(苏醒过来) come to nothing(没有结果) come to oneself(苏醒过来;醒悟过来) Consist of(由??构成;包含有) deal with(处理;对付)
depend on/upon(依靠;相信;信赖) die of/from(因??而死) dowith(凑合着用;有??就够了) do without(不需要;没有也行) dream of(向往;渴望;做梦;梦见) end in(以??结束/告终) fail in(在??方面失败;缺乏)
feed on(以??为食物;以??为能源) feel like(想要??;感觉要??) fight against(为反对??而斗争;和??斗争) fill in(with)(用??填充) get to[到达(某地);开始/着手(做某事)] 47
go against(违反;不利) ‘
go by[走过;(时间)消失;过去] go for fl walk(散步) go into[进入(某地);研究;讨论] go on a trip/picnic(去旅行/野餐) go on doing sth.(继续做某事)
go with(伴随;和??一起;与??相配) graduate from(从??毕业) handin(递交;上交) happen to(发生)
head for(朝??行进;走向) heat about/of(听说;听到) hear from(收到??的来信;从??听到)
increase by(以??增长;增长??) insist on(坚持;一定要) joinin(参加;加入)
lump into(96入;跳进??里面) keep from(避开)
keep on doing sth.(继续做某事) knock at(敲打;碰撞)
laugh at(嘲笑;取笑) learn by oneself(自学) Iearn from(向??学习) leave for(前往某地)
listen to(听;倾听;听取) live on/by(靠??过活)
1ive with(和??住在一起) look after(照顾;照管)
look at(看;朝??看) look for(寻找;期待) look into(朝??里面看;检查;调查)
look like(看起来好像)
make for(向??走;朝??前进) pay for(4t款) 循
play with(和??一起玩;拿??玩) point at(指着;瞄准) point to(指向;朝向)
put in/into order(整理;按顺序排好) quarrel with(与某人争吵) refer to(指的是;提到)
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电话:0351—6378335
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