|{他把门推开了。(形容词为宾语补足语) L The door was pushed open by him． r I have kept you waiting Iong
<我让你久等了。(现在分词为宾语补足语) L You have been kept waiting long f They found the street lined with people,
．{他们发现大街两边排满了人。(过去分词为宾语补足语) l The str∞t was found lined with people, rWe saw themout
<我们看见他们出去了。(副词作宾语补足语) lTPey were seen out r TheY often mistake me for my brother． <他们常常把我误认为是我的弟弟。(介词短语为宾语补足语) l I am often mistaken for my brother．
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rHe asked US to wait f07 him．
_《他叫我们等他。(带t0的不定式为宾语补足语) 【We were asked to wait for him． rThe landlord nlade the boy、『vork hard· |《那个地主让男孩做苦力。(不带t0的不定式为宾语补足语) lThe boy was made to work hard．
一有些使役动词和感官动词，如make，haye，let， hear，watch，notice，see等，在主动结构中，后接不带tq的不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动句时，不定式需要加上t0，例如上例。
鼍—●把下面句子改为被动句： We often heard thorn sing such songs． 我们经常听见他们唱这样的歌曲。
误：They were often heard sing such songs．
正：They were often heard\． 5．半助动词+动词原形+宾语 _半助动词指的是那些介于谓语动词与助动词之间的词(组)，它们本身不能单独作谓语，但具有词义。较常用的半助动词有be goillg t0，be t0，have t0，be sure t0，used to等。含有“半助动词+动词原形”的主动结构变为被动结构时，将动词原形后的宾语变为被动句的主语，动词原形由主动式变为被动式，’其前面的半助动词在人称和数方面要与变换后的主语一致。例如：
f He is going to finish the work tomorrow． <他打算明天完成这工作。
LThe work is going lo be finished tomorrow． rWe are to discuss the question this way． ．《我们打算这样来讨论这个问题。
lThe que斌ion is to be discussed this way． rWe have to hand in our homework now． <我们必须现在就交家庭作业。
LOur homework has to be handed in now． 75
r They are s“re to win the。8Ce． <他们肯定在赛跑中获胜。
lThe race is sure to be WOn by them． r People used to sing such songs． <人们过去常常唱这样的歌曲。
L Such songs used to be sung by people． 黼黼獭该句型由主动结构变为被动结构时，要注意 半助动词在人称和数方面要与转换后的主语保持一致。
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He has to tell me the truth． 他得把实话告诉我。
误：l has to be told the truth． 正：I have to be told the truth． 爰一在以上五种句型的转换中，谓语动词(包括短语 动词)必须是及物的。不及物动词不能带宾语，就不能由主动结构转换为被动结构，如He came here last week．就不能转换为Here was come by him last week．但是，也并不是所有带宾语的及物动词的主动结构都可以转换为被动结构。在不少情况下，带宾语的主动句不能转换为被动句。
(1)有些表示状态的及物动词，如have，cost，lack，fit， resemble(像)，hold(容纳)，fail，last等。例如下面这些句子就不能转换为被动句： He has a lot of money．他有很多钱。 He resembles his father．他像他的父亲。。 The house can hold a hundred people． 这房屋能容纳l00人。
It costs lo dollars．它的价格为l0美元。
(2)当主动句的宾语为反身代词、相互代词时，不能转换 为被动句。例如：
He enioyed himself very much at the party． 他在晚会上玩得很痛快。 ’ We often help each other．我们经常互相帮助。 (3)有些由“动词+名词”构成的词组的主动句不能转换
为被动句。例如： 76
He never lost heart．他从来不灰心。
They did their best to help uS．他们尽力帮助我们。 He could’t find his way home．他不知怎么回家。
(4)当主动句中的宾语在意义上相当于状语时，不能变为 被动句。例如：
He entered the classroom．他走进教室。
He ran five miles that day．那天他跑了5英里。 The horse jumped the wall．这马跳过了墙。
匦／
1．将下列主动句变为被动句：
1．People speak English almost all over the world． 2．They built this library last year．
3．My brother will repair my bike for me． 4．The girl broke the bottle． 5．He gave me a present．(用两种方法)
6．Mother often tells US a story at bed time．(用两种方法) 7．He is repairing my computer at the moment．
8．We call him“Little Tiger”．
9．They have painted the house white．
10．We found them working in the fields． 11．We considered the work done． 12．He asked me to wait for him． 13．I saw the train come into the station． 14．People often talk about this film． 15．You shouldn’t give up the work．
16．You will catch up with him in a short timB
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17．He is going to finish his homework this evenin9． 18．He took great care of his books．
19．They have to use another machine．
20．They used to start these machines by hand．Ⅱ．选择正确的答案填空： ()1．Thework——SOOn．
八has been finished B will be finished C will finish D．finishes ()2．AlOt of books——in ourlibrary．
A．is kept B be kept C are kept n keep
()3．There was a party last night．Our teacher——to it． A．WaS invited ＆is going to be invited
C invited D．i5 invited
()4．Some new houses——for the people in the village every year．
八Were built ＆will build C arc built D．is built ( )5．The Great Wall all over the world． A．waft,known R is known Cwas knew n hasto know ()6．These questions——nOW．
A．are discussed R are discussing
C is going to be discussed D．are being discussed
()7．Some toys will——to the children in the country． 八be taking R be taken C taken D．take
()8．Bob——ajob in the library，but he refused to take it． Awas given R gave
C．was giving D．had given ( )9．This oil for medicine． A．USeS B is using
C call be used D-shall be used
()10．Can you See the briage over the river?It——last year．
A is built l3．is being built C was built D．was building 四、比较句型
1．弱+形容词／tiill词+as
—■该句型为原级比较，表示两者程度相等。第一个 78
as为副词，意思是“一样地”；第二个as为连词，意思是“像??”，引导一个从句(谓语部分常省略)。例如：
This rHler is as long as that one,这尺子和那尺子一样长。 He can walk弱fast as his brother(can)．
他能够走得和他兄弟一样快。
Come as early as possibl己尽可能早点来。 —l■在as?as之前常有一个程度状语，如almost，
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nearly，just(about)，quite等修饰词。例如： She is．almost as beautiful as her sister．
她几乎和她妹妹一样漂亮。 ——l●程度副词只能置于asH。．as之前。 误：He is as just tall as his brother． 正：He is just aS tall as his brother． 他正好和他兄弟一样高。 2．not so as／nm as?as ‘
1■该句型为as?。。的否定式，表示一方程度不如另 一方。例如：
He is not SO tall as his brother．他不如他兄弟高。 This Cal\not run as／so fast as that one,
这辆汽车开得不如那辆快。 _riot so as／not as．．．as相当于坤ss。．than。例如上面
第一句可改写为：
He is less tall than his brother． 3．as many as／as much?as ll■该句型表杂“像??一样多”。as mny之后接复
数名词，as much之后接不可数名词。例如：
Take as many books as you want． 你要多少本书就拿多少本。 He took as盯luch Water as he needed． 他需要多少水就拿多少。 lll●■在该句型中的mny，much为限定’(名词意 79
义的)词，名词只能放在many，much之后。
误：You can take books as many as you need． 正：You can take as many books as you need． 你需要多少书就可以拿多少。
4．the same(?)as
111■该句型表示‘‘和??相同／一样”，the same后面可接名词，也可不接名词；as是关系代词，引导一个定语从句(常省略某些成分)。例如：
He uses the same dictionary as you． 他用的字典和你的一样。
I think the same(as you do)about the matter． 我对此事的看法(和你)一样。 5．as long as
_as long as可用于表达时间的长度，意思是“长达??”；as／so long as也可用于引导条件状语从句，表示“只要??”。例如：
He has worked as long as five hours． 他已工作长达5小时之久。
The largest shark calt be as long as l5 metres． 最长的鲨鱼达l5米。
1’ll go to see you as／so long as I have time． 只要我有时间，就去看你。 6．形容词／副词比较级+then
●l■该句型用于两者之间的比较，表示‘‘比??
更??”的意思，more的后面也可接名词。例如： Our room is larger than theirs． 我们的房间比他们的房间大。 This cake is more delicious than that one． 这块蛋糕比那块好吃。
He works harder than I(do)．他工作比我努力。
He has more books／money than I have．他的书／钱比我多。
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The smaller the town(is)，the friendlier the people(am)． 城镇越小，人们越友好。． The sooglor this is done，the better． 这事完成得越快越好。
The more，the better．越多越好。 +The soorler，the better．越快越好。 The more the merrier．多多益善。 9．比较级+钔d+比较级
一该句型表示“越来越??，’的意思。有时more and more之后可以接名词。例如：
The car is running faster and faster．这汽车开得越来越快。 He is more and more interested in music．
他对音乐越来越感兴趣。 ’
He is becoming more and more active in sports． 他越来越积极参加体育运动。
More and more people have come to realize the importance of
learning English．
越来越多的人开始认识到学习英语的重要性。 10．比较级+than anyother+名词+比较范围 一该句型表示“比任何一个都??，’的意思。在同
一范围内的比较，0ther不可省略。这种用法从结构上看是比 较级，却表示最高级的意思。例如：
He is more active than anyone else／any other student in his class．(=He is the most active in his class．)
他比班上其他任何同学都积极。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China． (=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China．) 在中国长江比其他任何河流都长。 瓣嘲
误：He is taller than any student in his class． 正：He is taller than any other student in his class． 他比班上其他任何同学都高。 R2 80
7．10ss+形容词／副词原级+than
1—■该句型是“形容词／副词比较级+than’’的否定式，表示一方程度比另一方低，相当于not s0／as?as，less之后也可接不可数名词。例如：
I think maths is less interesting than art．(I think maths is not s0／as interesting as art．)我认为数学不如艺术有趣。
There is less water in winter than in summer．(一There is not so ramh water in winter as in summer．) 冬天的雨水比夏天的少。
ll■在以上两个句型的比较结构之前常用程度状语a little，much，a lot，even，far等修饰。例如：
The sun is a lot bigger than the mooFL太阳比月亮大很多。 He walks帆Jch faster than I d0．他走路比我快得多。
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