They didn’t allow the ship to leave the poct. 他们不允许这艘船离港。 一(1)宾语补足语在被动语态中为主语补犀语。例
如:
We are advised to wait,.有人劝我们等着。
They are allowed to tadk in the classroom after class. 课后他们被允许在教室里讲话。
(2)在advise,ask,teach,tell,instruct和show后面的
宾语补足语常为疑问词加动词不定式。例如:
When will you teach me how to use the computer? 你什么时候教我使用电脑? No one can tell me where to get the book. 没有人能告诉我在哪里能找到这本书。
(3)动词think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel, find,imagine等表示“认为”的意思时,后接带t0的不定式作宾语补足语,但是这个不定式多为to be。例如: We all think him to be a gpod example to the youth. 我们都认为他是青年的好榜样。
Many people suppose him to be over fifty. 许多人认为他50多岁了。 5.动词+宾语+不带l0的不定式(宾语补足语)
_在某些感官动词和使役动词后作宾语补足语的不
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定式不带t0。常见的感官动词结构有: see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事
look at sb.do sth.看莱人做某事 hear sb.do sth.听见某人做某事 listen to sb.do sth.听某人做某事 watch sb.do sth.观看某人做某事 notice sb.do sth注意到某人做某事 observe sb.do sth.观察某人做某事 feel sb.do sth.感觉到某人做莱事 常见的使役动词结构有: make sb.do sth.使某人做某事 have sb.do st}1.让某人做某事 let sb.do sth.让某人做某事例如:
Let him do tie job by himself.让他自己做这件事吧。 I saw some boys knock down an old rr谤In and rurl away. 我看见几个男孩撞倒了一位老人,然后跑掉了。 一当使役动词和感官动词用于被动结构时,要用带 t0的不定式作主语补足语。例如:
The boys were made to work ten hours every day. 这些男孩被迫每天工作l0个小时。
She is often heard to sing the old son9. 常常有人听到她喝那首老歌。 但是动词let用于被动结构时除外。例如: Theywere Iet 90.他们被放了。 6.名词/代词+不定式(定语)
一在这个结构中,动词不定式短语相当于形容词作定语。动词不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面,一般表示将要发生的动作。例如:
He said he had an important meeting to attend. 他说他有个重要的会议要参加。
I have’a lot of questions to ask.我有许多问题要问。帅
_动词不定式作定语常常与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。因此,如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就应该有相应的介词。
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——一
误:They have a big house to live. 正:They have a big house to Iive in. 他们有一阔可以居住的大房子。 很多名词常可用不定式作定语,常见的有decision(决 定),wish(愿望),chance(机会),promise(iq诺),right(权利),way(方法,道路),time(时间)等。例如:
Is that the best way to solve the problem? 那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗? , He had no time to think about the question.
他没有时间来考虑这个问题。
当名词被first,last,second以及0nly等词修饰时,其后 可用不定式作定语。例如t
My mother is always tle first ore to get up in my famiIy. 我妈妈总是我们家第一个起床的人。
He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一了解真相的人。 7.动词+不定式(状语) .
一在这个结构中,动词不定式短语相当于副词,作
状语,可以表示目的、结果、原因或条件。 (1)动词+不定式(表示目的)。例如: 1 work hard to catch up with my classmates. 我努力学>-j是为了赶上班上的同学。
He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
.-当要强调不定式所表示的目的时,常用in。rder(not)tOdo sth.或SO as(not)tO do stk的形式。in order(not)to do sth.结构可置于旬首或句中,而SO as(not)tO do sth.结构只能置于句中。例如: 9l
She got up early in order to catch the first bus.
或:In order to catch the first bus,she got up early.
她起早是为了赶上头班车。
Let’S hurry SO as not to be late for the meetin9. 咱们得赶快,以便开会不迟到。
(2)动词+不定式(表示结果或程度) ①S0?as to d0? 在这个结构中,S0后面跟的是形容词或副词,意思是“如 此??以致??”。例如:
1 was SO foolish as to believe what he said to me. 我真是太傻了,竟然相信他对我说的话。
He ran SO fast鸽to catch the bus. 他跑得这样快,赶上了公共汽车。 ②such?as to d0?
在这个结构中,such后面跟的是名词,与S0?as to d0?
表达同样的意思。上面的例句也可以写成:
1 was such a fool as to believe what he said to me. ③?enough to d0? 在这个结构中,enough前面的词为形容词或副词,意思是 “足够??做??”。例如:
The room is big enough to hold a hundred people. 这间屋子很大,能容纳l00人。
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The boy is not old enough to go to sch001. 这个男孩不够大,还不能去上学。 - ④t00?tO d0?
在这个结构中,t00之后的词也是形容词或副词,意思是 “太??而不能??”。例如:
The place is too small to put the piano in. 这个地方太小了,以致放不下这架钢琴。 It’S raining too hard for me to go out.雨太大,我出不去。 1■句型t00?t。d0?表示‘‘太??以致不能??\但t00之后的形容词是easy(容易的),willing(愿意的), 92
ready(准备好了的),eager(急切的),anxious(热切的)等时,不定式不表示否定而表示肯定的意思;在not,never,on- Iy,all,but等后的t00?t0?结构中,t00的含义为very,不定式没有否定意义。例如:
I am too anxious to see you.我太想见到你了。 He is too ready to speak.他太多嘴了。
I shall be only too pleased to help you.我非常高兴帮助你。 ⑤onlyto d0? 这一结构通常表示一个相反或出乎意料的结果。例如: He hurried to school only to find nobody there.
他匆忙赶到学校,却发现那儿没有人。 (3)动词+不定式(表示条件)
A man would be blind not to see that. 要是看不到这一点,他就是瞎子。 He will do anything to have the chance tO see her again. 要是能有机会再见到她,他做什么都行。
8.系动词+形容词+不定式(状语)
_不定式可以在表示感情的形容词后面,作状语,表示原因。常用于表示感情色彩的形容词有happy(高兴的), glad(高兴的),pleased(乐意的),delighted(高兴的),eager(急切的),anxious(热切的),sorry(遗憾的),lucky(幸运的),angry(生气的),disappointed(失望的),proud(自豪的)等。例如:
We wore very excited to hear the news. 听到这个消息我们很激动。
I am very glad to meet you.见到你我很高兴。 9.for/of+名词/代词+不定式 一一般来说,不定式动作的执行者为句子的主语,但有时动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,这时必须用不定式的复合结构:“for+名词/代词+to d0”或“of+名词/代词+to d0”。这一结构在句中可作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语等。 93
介词for后面的宾语为不定式动作的执行者,即逻辑主语,其中的形容词常是表示“必要”、?容易”、“困难”等意义的形容词,如easy(容易的),necessary,(有必要的),important(重要的),difficult(困难的),possible(可能的),interesting(有趣的),hard(艰难的)等;而介词of结构中的形容词多为表示人的品格的形容词,如brave(勇敢的),kind(好心的), nice(好的),honest(诚实的),foolish(愚蠢的),clever(聪明的),stupid(笨的),wise(明智的),careful(小心的), polite(有礼貌的),silly(愚蠢的)等。例如:
It is necessary for US tO read English every day. 对我们来说,每天读英语是很有必要的。
The box is too heavy for him to carry. 这只箱子对他来说太沉了,搬不动。 It’S very kind of you to say s0.你这样说真是太好了。
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It’8 unwise of him to go there alone. 他一个人去那里是不明智的。
10.动词不定式省略t0的句型 Why not d0?为何不做?? had better d0?最好做?:“ would rather d0?than d0?宁愿做??而不做?? 例如:
Why not come to my house tO have dinner together tonight? 为何不今晚来我家一起吃晚饭呢?
You hed better te|I your mother the truth. 你最好把真相告诉你妈妈。 1 would rather stay at home than go to the cinema. 我宁愿待在家里而不愿去看电影。
匦, ’’■■■●■■■●■■●咿,1.选择正确的答案填空: ()1.Mymother always asksme——. A study hard l3.studies}Iard 94
C to study Ilafd D.studying hard ()2.Can you teachme——?
A use the computer R how tO use the computer C how use the computer n using the computer
()3.The boywastoofired OIL。
A walked R to walk C walks n walking()4.It is impossible——US——thejob in a day. A.of,tofimsh Bfor.tOfinish
C for,finish D.of。finish
()5.Don’t forget——in your maths exercises here t0— morrow.
八and}land R hand Cto hand D.handing ()6.He got up very early——the train.
A caught B and catch C catching D.to catch ()7.Do you have anything else——?
AtO say Bsay Csays D.saying
( )8.It’S going to rain in the aftemooiL You’d better——.
A.take an umbrella with you B to take an umbrella for you C taking an umbrella with you D.took an umbrella with you()9.It’S not easy——English well. A learn R learns C Iearning n to lcam( )10.Take care of your brother.Don’t make him . Ato cry R crying C cry n cries ( )11.一The light in the office iS still OIL 一0h。Iforgot .
Aturningit off Rtumit off
Ctoturnit off D.haringturnedit off ( )12.Birds are seldom heard at night.
A sing R sang Cto sing n sung
()13.Look。the boys overthere se锄 . 八quarrelling R+to quarrel C to be quarrelled D.tO be quarrelling 95
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()14.He hurried to the station,only——the train——. A.tofind.go Rtofind,gone C findin9,gone D.findin9,go( )15.It’S time for class~We had better and to the teacher. ● A.stop talkin9。listen
B to stop talkin9,listen C stop talkin9。to listen D.to stop talkin9,to listen
Ⅱ.将下列句子译成英语:1.我想买一条新裙子。2.他激动得说不出话来了。 3.我们该去上课了。 4.我有许多工作要做。
5.他妈妈让他星期日待在家里。Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空: 1.I hope(hear)from Mr Li soon.
2.He was made (do)the work at once.
3.It’S easy(talk)but diffieult (do). 4.Let me(introduce)myselL
5.Would you like(come)with me? 6.Lucy,remember——(post)the lettem 7.The farmers began——(think)of ways——
(plant)the trees.
8.She often makes her mother(get)angry.
9.Don’t forget(10ck)the door when you leave. 10.The farmers did0’t know what (do).
11.Let him ‘(do)it.
12.Please tell her(not be)late for class. 96 六、动名词句型
1.动名词(主语)+动词
_动名词可以作主语,常表示概括性的或一般性的行为。动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如: Learning English is important to us.学英语对我们很重要。 Swimming will do you good.游泳对你有好处。
●l■为了避免头重脚轻,在动名词作主语时,常用形
式主语it代替,并将动名词结构后置。 常用的这种动名词形式的句型有: It is no use doin9...做??没有用 It is no good doin9?做??没有好处 It is useless doin9?做??没有用
It is worth doin9?值得做?? · There is no doin9?做??是不可能的例如:
There is no telling what will happen. 谁也无法预言将会发生什么。
It is rio use buying a lot of books without reading them. 买许多书而不读是没有用的。
It's not worth getting angry with her.和她生气是不值得的。 2.系动词+动名词(表语)
囊—一动名词作表语时一般表示比较抽象的习惯性的动 作,表语和主语的位置可以互换。例如:
His job is teaching maths.他的工作是教数学。 Teaching maths is his job.教数学是他的工作。 What he likes best is playing football.
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