船舶融资租赁过程中的风险防范研究
摘 要
船舶融资租赁是一种新生的交易方式，是融资租赁的一种。船舶融资租赁的出现，使资本得以更方便地进入海运市场，并得到较高的回报。同时也使海运业得以更好地发展，对国际贸易的高速增长起到了促进和保障作用。
船舶融资租赁具有高风险高回报的特点。在船舶融资租赁的过程中不可避免的会遇到诸多的问题，如果没有很好的防范意识那么就会遭到巨大的损失。因此本文分四章分别对船舶融资租赁的基本概念、船舶融资租赁过程中的风险和防范措施以及我国法律体系的完善进行论述。
第一章主要对船舶融资租赁的基本概念进行了全面的介绍，为本文的论述奠定一定的理论基础。首先对船舶融资租赁的概念进行了阐述。其次对船舶融资租赁的基本类型进行了介绍。最后通过与经营租赁和光船租购相比较，以准确地把握船舶融资租赁的特点。
第二章主要介绍了在船舶融资租赁过程中可能存在的风险。首先介绍了船舶融资租赁过程中的金融风险，包括利率风险和汇率风险。其次介绍了建造中船舶的物权性质及可能产生的风险。第三对于目前违反客户资信所带来的风险问题进行了介绍。第四则是介绍了一些政治风险，包括船舶所有人、经营人所在国的政治风险，船旗国的政治风险，船舶营运地区的政治风险以及国际组织及政府对船舶运行的行政管制。最后介绍了对第三人责任的风险，这些是其他融资租赁所没有的特殊风险，包括船舶优先权的风险，船舶留置权的风险和油污损害赔偿责任的风险。
第三章针对前面介绍的风险，笔者分别提出了风险防范的措施，对于船舶融资租赁中的特殊风险即对第三人责任的风险，笔者通过对这些风险进行分析提出了具体的措施，包括保函、船舶抵押、船舶保险等手段。
第四章对完善我国船舶融资租赁的风险防范机制提出了自己的见解，首先分析了现有法律法规对控制船舶融资租赁过程中的风险不完善的方面及完善的风险防范机制对我国船舶融资租赁发展的必要性，其次根据我国现有的风险防范机制提出了一些完善建议。
关键词：船舶，融资租赁，风险防范
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船舶融资租赁过程中的风险防范研究
ABSTRACT
Shipping financing lease is a new style of trade and a type of the financing lease. Shipping financing lease, make capital can be more easily into the sea market, and have higher returns. Also make shipping industry better and play a role to promote and safeguard the high-speed growth of the international trade.
Shipping financing lease has characteristics of high risks and high returns. In the process of shipping financing lease inevitably encounter problems, if not a very good awareness the party will suffer so huge losses. Therefore this paper discuss by four chapter in basic concepts of shipping financing lease, the risks and the prevention measures in the process of shipping financing lease and the perfection of our country’s legal system.
Chapter 1 mainly comprehensively discusses the basic concepts of shipping financing lease and lays the theoretical foundation in discussing for this paper. First, the concepts of shipping financing lease are expounded. Second, the basic types of shipping financing lease are introduced. At last, by comparing the operating lease and the capital lease, the writer gives the way to seize the characters of shipping financing lease correctly.
Chapter 2 mainly discusses the possible risks of shipping financing lease. First, introduces the financial risk of shipping financing lease such as interest rate risk and exchange rate risk. Second, introduces the nature of real right of abuilding ship and the possible risks of abuilding ship. Third, introduces the risk problems of violating custom credit. Forth, introduces some political risks such as political risk of ship owners’ or managers’ country, political risk of country of flag, political risk of ship operating area and the administrative controls of international organizations and governments in ship operation. Finally, introduces the risks of third party liability which are the special risk difference from other financing lease such as the risk of maritime lien, the risk of lien and the risk of liability for damage in oil pollution.
Chapter 3 referring to risks as mentioned above, the writer proposes risk prevention measures respectively. Regarding the special risk in the shipping financing lease, namely the risk of possible liability to the third parties, based on the analysis on these risks, the writer further proposes concrete measures such as obtaining letter of undertaking, ship
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船舶融资租赁过程中的风险防范研究
mortgage, ship insurance, etc.
Chapter 4 the writer proposes opinion to perfect our shipping financing lease risk guard mechanism. First, analyzes the imperfect law and regulation in respect of controlling the risks in the process of shipping financing lease and necessity of perfect risk guard mechanism for development of our country shipping financing lease. Second, according to our country's existing risk guard mechanism puts forward some improvement Suggestions.
Huo Tianjun(International Law) Directed by: professor Shen Qiuming KEYWORDS: ship, financial lease, risk prevention
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船舶融资租赁过程中的风险防范研究
目 录
引 言 .................................................................................................................. 1 第一章 船舶融资租赁概述 .............................................................................. 2
第一节 船舶融资租赁的概念 .................................................................... 2 第二节 船舶融资租赁的基本类型 ............................................................ 3
一、简单融资租赁 .............................................................................. 3 二、融资转租赁 .................................................................................. 3 三、售后回租 ...................................................................................... 3 四、杠杆租赁 ...................................................................................... 4 第三节 船舶融资租赁与其他船舶租赁方式的区别 ................................ 4
一、船舶融资租赁与经营租赁的区别 .............................................. 4 二、船舶融资租赁与光船租购的区别 .............................................. 5
第二章 船舶融资租赁中的风险 ...................................................................... 8
第一节 金融风险 ........................................................................................ 8
一、利率风险 ...................................................................................... 8 二、汇率风险 ...................................................................................... 9 第二节 新建船舶的风险 .......................................................................... 10 第三节 客户资信风险 .............................................................................. 12 第四节 政治风险 ...................................................................................... 13
一、船舶所有人、经营人所在国的政治风险 ................................ 14 二、船旗国的政治风险 .................................................................... 14 三、船舶营运地区的政治风险 ........................................................ 14 四、国际组织及政府对船舶运行的行政管制 ................................ 16 第五节 对第三人责任的风险 .................................................................. 16
一、船舶优先权的风险 .................................................................... 17 二、船舶留置权的风险 .................................................................... 18 三、油污损害赔偿责任的风险 ........................................................ 19
第三章 风险防范的措施 ................................................................................ 21
第一节 金融风险的防范措施 .................................................................. 21
船舶融资租赁过程中的风险防范研究
一、利率风险的防范 ........................................................................ 21 二、汇率风险的防范 ........................................................................ 21 第二节 船舶融资担保 .............................................................................. 22
一、保函 ............................................................................................ 24 二、船舶抵押 .................................................................................... 25 第三节 船舶保险 ...................................................................................... 26 第四节 对第三人责任的风险防范 .......................................................... 27
一、船舶优先权的风险防范 ............................................................ 27 二、船舶留置权的风险防范 ............................................................ 27 三、油污损害赔偿责任的风险防范 ................................................ 28
第四章 .对完善我国船舶融资租赁风险防范机制的思考 ........................... 30
第一节 完善我国船舶融资租赁风险防范机制的必要性 ...................... 30 第二节 目前我国船舶融资租赁的风险防范机制 .................................. 31 第三节 完善我国船舶融资租赁的风险防范机制的建议 ...................... 33 结 语 ................................................................................................................ 36 参考文献 ............................................................................................................ 37 致 谢 ................................................................................................................ 40