forcing…
59. (27573-!-item-!-188;#058&003208)
A new genetically engineered papaya was produced not by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but university and United States Department of Agriculture researchers who allowed growers to use it free of charge.
(A) produced not by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but
(B) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but
(C) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, as was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by
(D) not produced by profit-motivated seed companies, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but was produced by
(E) not produced by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 1) not…but结构要平行
2) which不能指代前面整个句子 3) as be the case比较结构。
(A) was produced not by… but university结构不平行; which使用错误,不能指代前面整个句子 (B) was produced not by… but university结构不平行; the case with…插入语表达模糊
(C) 正确, was produced not by… but by结构平行; as was the case…插入语中as指代前面整个句子, as was the case表明后者是前面概述的一个情况,意思表达完整.
(D) was not produced by…, but was produced by结构不平行; which使用错误 (E) was not produced by…, but by结构不平行; the case with…插入语表达模糊
句子结构: A.. papaya was produced not by…,as was the case with…, but by…
补充说明:
读题的时候看到前面出现了not by立刻往后扫至到看到but为止,如果not…but结构不平行,则可以直接 跳过该选项,从而节省做题时间.
60. (27763-!-item-!-188;#058&003346)
Mideast immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship exceed virtually every other immigrant group in the increasingly diverse United States economy.
(A) Mideast immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship exceed
(B) Mideast immigrants are exhibiting rates of entrepreneurship exceeding
(C) Immigrants from the Mideast exhibit rates of entrepreneurship exceeding those of (D) The rates of entrepreneurship in immigrants from the Mideast exceed (E) The rates of Mideast immigrants' entrepreneurship exceeds those of
考点: 比较（Comparison） 主谓一致（Agreement） 有效用词（Diction） 1) 比较双方要对等
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2) 在GMAT中,双重所有格,即 the rates of immigrants’ 表达错误, 应该改为the rates of immigrant或 者 immigrants’ rates
3) 对比对象中出现的重复名词用that或those代替,that代替前面出现的单数名词,those代替前面出现 的复数名词
(A) immigrants’ rates不能同other immigrant group相比.
(B) rates of entrepreneurship不能同other immigrant group相比 (C) 正确, 用those代替前面出现过的rates,比较双方对应
(D) the rates of entrepreneurship不能同other immigrant group相比
(E) 使用双重所有格,错误; 主谓不一致:主语是rates,谓语应该用exceed.
句子结构: Immigrants… exhibit rates of entrepreneurship exceeding those of…
61. (27809-!-item-!-188;#058&003354)
The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered in Madagascar.
(A) The bones of Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur that is a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered in Madagascar.
(B) The bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, a distant relative of
Tyrannosaurus rex and with a close resemblance to South American predatory dinosaurs, has been discovered in Madagascar.
(C) In Madagascar, the bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, distantly related to Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembled South American predatory dinosaurs, have been discovered.
(D) A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex, bearing a close resemblance to South American predatory dinosaurs is Majungatholus atopus, a meat-eating dinosaur, the bones of which have been discovered in Madagascar.
(E) A distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembling South American predatory dinosaurs, the bones of a meat-eating dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, have been discovered in Madagascar.
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 主谓一致（Agreement） 平行对称（Parallelism） 1) 修饰成分应该尽可能靠近修饰对象
2) 系表结构可以跟动词结构平行,即 It is a distant relative of Tyrannosaurus rex and closely resembles South American predatory dinosaurs.是符合平行结构的
3) 不能随意改变原句的重心,一般来说选项A的重心跟正确选项的重心一致
(A) 正确, 主谓一致; a meat-eating dinosaur that…作为Majungatholus atopus的同位语,解释说明 Majungatholus atopus; dinosaur that is a distant relative…and closely resembles…结构符合平行要 求
(B) 主谓不一致,主语the bones,谓语应该用have been; and前后不平行,前者是名词,a distant relative 后者是介词短语with a close…
(C) 介词短语In Madagascar离它的修饰对象have been discovered太远,
(D) 改变句子重心,原句的重心是bones have been discovered,而该选项的重心是a distant relative is Majungatholus atopus; bearing a close resemblance to结构表达笨拙,并且原句中该成分同a distant relative并列,而这里变成分词结构,修饰a distant relative,成为了附属成分
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(E) and前后不平行,前者是名词a distant relative,后者是动名词closely resembling; a distant relative 从逻辑意思上不能作为bones的同位语
句子结构: The bones of…,同位语, have been discovered…
62. (27855-!-item-!-188;#058&003426)
Data gathered by weather satellites has been analyzed by scientists, reporting that the Earth's northern latitudes have become about ten percent greener since 1980, due to more vigorous plant growth associated with warmer temperatures and higher levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
(A) Data gathered by weather satellites has been analyzed by scientists, reporting that the Earth's northern latitudes have
(B) Data gathered by weather satellites has been analyzed by scientists, and they report the Earth's northern latitudes as having
(C) After analyzing data gathered by weather satellites, scientists report that the Earth's northern latitudes have
(D) After analysis of data, gathered by weather satellites, scientists report the Earth's northern latitudes as having
(E) After data gathered by weather satellites was analyzed by scientists, who report that the Earth's northern latitudes have
考点:逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 用词倾向性
1) 一般来说在report, predicate, predict, shown等动词后面之跟简单的名词短语, 若其后面跟的是动 名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分词来修饰时,都会造成 句子结构的复杂,笨拙. 经常用that引导宾语从句来对该类句子进行改写 2) 能够使用动词的情况下,尽量不要使用动词的名词形式 3) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语
(A) 逻辑意思错误, reporting that作为伴随状语出现应该跟主句有紧密的逻辑关系,表示主句的伴随原 因,条件等等,但是从逻辑意思上看,reporting that跟主句无紧密逻辑关系,应该是并列关系,因此不能使 用伴随状语；被动语态表达方式不够准确有效。
(B) report the Earth’s northern latitudes as having表达笨拙,且仅仅表达出report了latitude这一个事 物,而没有表达出report的整个内容,应该用report that句式进行改写；they指代对象不清楚。
(C) 正确, scientists作为analyzing的逻辑主语,意思表达正确, 使用report that句式能够充分的表达出 report的内容
(D) analysis不如动词analyze表达有效,不能够表达出analyze的施动者是谁; report +复杂名词结构表 达笨拙,应该用report + that句式改写.
(E) 句子不完整,整个句子结构为 After data… was analyzed… 缺乏主谓结构
句子结构: After analyzing…, scientists reports that…
63. (27901-!-item-!-188;#058&003440)
Unlike emergency calls that travel through regular telephone lines, where they thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller. (A) lines, where they thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller
(B) lines and thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller,
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cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller
(C) lines, thus automatically informing the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, the location of the caller on a cellular phone has to be determined by the operator
(D) lines, and thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, emergency operators have to determine the location of the cellular phone caller
(E) lines, thus automatically informing the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, emergency operators receiving a cellular call have to determine the location of the caller 考点: 比较（Comparison） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 1) thus一般和and连用,来连接表示因果关系的结构
2) 用逗号将句子隔开,使得逗号前后两个句子变成独立的句子,每个句子都要有自己的主谓宾 3) unlike比较结构，要求比较对象对等。
(A) 关系代词where修饰lines,逻辑错误.
(B) 正确, and前后平行,travel… and thus automatically inform共同修饰calls
(C) 比较双方不对等,emergency calls和the location of the caller没有可比性; thus automatically informing表达错误,这里不应该用伴随结构,而应该用and thus来连接两个存在因果关系的句子
(D) and前面有逗号,说明and后面应该是一个完整的句子,应该补出主语they,但这样会使得句子变得复 杂,直接去掉逗号构成动词的并列更好;比较双方不对等,emergency calls和emergency operators没有 可比性
(E) 比较双方不对等;句子不完整,整个句子的结构为:Unlike emergency calls…, emergency
operators receiving…整个句子没有谓语动词; thus automatically informing表达错误,这里不应该用伴 随结构,而应该用and thus来连接两个存在因果关系的句子
句子结构 : Unlike emergency calls that travel…and thus automatically inform…, cellular calls require…to determine…
补充说明:
当句子中出现 like, unlike 等比较结构的时候,读选项时首先读 like, unlike 比较双方,中间的修饰等干扰 成分可以直接跳过,发现 like, unlike 比较双方不对应,直接排除该选项. 在出现 like, unlike 等比较结构 的题目中,比较双方的对应可以说是一定会出现的考点,因此可以先应用这一点,直接排除 2-3 个选项, 从而节省时间.
64. (27947-!-item-!-188;#058&003452)
Recently documented examples of neurogenesis, the production of new brain cells, include the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries that learn new songs. (A) the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries that
(B) mice whose brains grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries whose neurons increase when they
(C) mice's brains that grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries' neurons that increase when they
(D) the brain growth in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or the increase in canaries' neurons when they
(E) brain growth in mice that are placed in a stimulating environment or an increase in neurons in canaries that
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考点:简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 1) 当动词有名词形式时,就不要使用the +动词ing形式来表达其名词形式
2) 介词+动词分词在句首,逻辑主语等于主句的主语;在句尾,逻辑主语可能等于主句的主语,也可能等 于所修饰的动词的逻辑主语
(A) the brain…无法与the production of…平行；growing使用错误,应该用grow的名词形式growth来替 换,increasing应该用increase替换;介词结构when placed无论是修饰主句的主语还是所修饰动词 (include)的逻辑主语,该结构都是修饰的documented examples,而从逻辑意思上看,when placed应该 修饰mice,因此when placed修饰对象错误.
(B) 改变句子意思,从未划线部分看,examples包括的对象应该能够表现neurogenesis,同位语对该词 进行了解释 the production of new brain cells,而选项B的例子包括的是mice和canaries,这两个动物 不是the production of new brain cells的例子,而应该用brain growth in mice和an increase in neurons in canaries作为the production of new brain cells的例子;指代错误,选项中的they分别就近指代brains 和neurons,导致了逻辑意思错误.
(C) 代词they分别就近指代brains和neurons,导致逻辑意思错误
(D) when placed修饰documented examples,导致逻辑意思错误,代词they就近指代neurons,导致逻辑 意思错误
(E) 正确, brain growth in mice和an increase in neurons in canaries很好的作为了the production of new brain cells的例子;限定性定语从句that…分别修饰mice和canaries,修饰对象正确.
句子结构: Recently documented examples…, …, include the brain growth… or an increase in …
65. (28041-!-item-!-188;#058&003495)
Developed by Pennsylvania's Palatine Germans about 1750, they made Conestoga wagons with high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and the nonroads of the prairie and they had a floor curved upward on either end so as to prevent cargo from shifting on steep grades. (A) they made Conestoga wagons with high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and the nonroads of the prairie and they had a floor curved upward on either end so as to prevent (B) they made Conestoga wagons, which had high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and the nonroads of the prairie, and floors curved upward on their ends so that they prevented (C) Conestoga wagons, with high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and the nonroads of the prairie, and had a floor that was curved upward at both ends to prevent
(D) Conestoga wagons had high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and the nonroads of the prairie, and a floor that was curved upward at both ends to prevent
(E) Conestoga wagons had high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and the nonroads of the prairie and floors curving upward at their ends so that it prevented 考点:逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 平行对称（Parallelism）、指代一致（Agreement） 1) 指代歧意
2) 同一个句子中，连词连接的结构一定是平行结构
(A) 第一个they没有可以指代的对象,第二个they可能跟第一个they指代相同,或者指代wagons,导致 指代不清;they作为developed的逻辑主语,错误,wagons才是developed的逻辑主语.
(B) they没有指代对象;they作为developed的逻辑主语,应该是wagons作为developed的逻辑主语; and floors curved upward on their ends so that they prevented表达笨拙,their可能指代floors或者 wagons,指代不清.they可能跟their指代一致,也可能指代floors,同样指代不清.
(C) with high wheels…and had a floor结构不平行,前者是介词结构,后者是动词结构
(D) 正确, Conestoga wagons作为developed的逻辑主语,意思正确; wagons had high wheels… and
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