标准书面语中很少使用;so/such...that不用考虑逻辑主语问题;so/such...as to逻辑主语等于句子主语, 即句子主语可以执行as to后面动词所表达的作用,实战中发现选项中含有这三者,首先排除enough to 的选项
2) 主动语态优于被动语态
(A) severe enough to表达的意思错误。
(B) enough so that…不符合习惯用法; them没有指代 (C) severe enough to表达的意思错误。
(D) 正确; it指代mountain yellow-legged frog; 使用主动语态, 表达更加有效 (E) they没有指代; 被动语态不如主语语态表达更有效
句子结构: The decline… has become so… that…
95. (29661-!-item-!-188;#058&003962)
Unlike frogs that metamorphose from tadpoles into adults within a one-year period, it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are restricted to deeper bodies of water that do not dry up in summer or freeze solid in winter.
(A) it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are
(B) it takes the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada three to four years until it reaches adulthood, and therefore it is
(C) in the Sierra Nevada, mountain yellow-legged tree frogs take three to four years to reach adulthood, thus being
(D) mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years until they reach adulthood, thus
(E) mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years to reach adulthood, and so they are
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 指代一致（Agreement） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 1) 比较结构的双方必须要对应: 包括概念对等, 数量对等(单对单,多对多)
2) 在用like/unlike表达对比时,最有效的句子结构为: Unlike/like A…, B…(A,B为比较双方), B要出现 在句首
3) 现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主 谓关系，即表主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义 4) 伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出 一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态. 伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓 语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的 5) 习惯用法:take sth/some time to do
(A) 不符合Unlike/like句式的最佳表现形式, 应该将对比物mountain yellow-legged frog放在句首; 不
符合比较双方的数量对等原则,frogs和mountain yellow-legged frog数量上不对等; they指代frogs, 不 能指代mountain yellow-legged frog, 导致逻辑意思错误 (B) 错误同A, takes sb until…不符合习惯用法
(C) 不符合Unlike/like句式的最佳表现形式,应该将对比物mountain yellow-legged frogs放在句首;
being多余,可以直接用过去分词做伴随状语, 但即使伴随状语形式正确,但是用在这里逻辑意思错误, 这两个动作并不时同时发生,而是两个动作存在因为关系,前一个动作导致了后一个动作,应该用因果 关系的并列句来表达该逻辑关系
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(D) take … until不符合习惯用法; 使用伴随状语不符合逻辑
(E) 正确, 比较对象mountain yellow-legged frogs置于句首,比较更加有效,且符合比较双方数量对等 原则; take some time to do符合习惯用法; 使用and连接因果关系的句子符合逻辑意思
句子结构: Unlike frogs that…, mountain yellow-legged frogs…take… to reach…, and so they are…
96. (29707-!-item-!-188;#058&003977)
In some species of cricket, the number of chirps per minute used by the male for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve as an approximate thermometer.
(A) for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve
(B) for attracting females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, which can in fact serve
(C) in attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving
(D) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and it can in fact serve
(E) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）主谓一致（Agreement）
1) 若在题中的划线部分(即A选项)中出现情态动词,那么在最后的正确答案中必须有此情态动词或类 似语气的词出现, 实战中,不含此情态动词或类似语气词的选项均为错误选项,立即排除. 情态动词也 不可随意添加,原句中没有情态动词,选项中随意添加也为错误选项
2) the number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式; a number of + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动 词用复数
(A) 用for doing结构表示目的,不如to do结构有效; 主谓不一致,主语是the number, 谓语应该用单数; they只能指代some species, 导致逻辑错误
(B) for doing使用错误, which就近指代temperature,导致逻辑错误
(C) in doing使用错误; 主谓不一致; 使用伴随状语导致逻辑错误,有作后置定语修饰temperature的歧 义存在；rise and fall和serve不是同时发生的动作, 不存在逻辑关系; 将can改为possibly,改变了原句 的意思
(D) 正确, 注意到了主谓一致; 使用to do表示目的更加有效; 用and连接句子, 意思符合逻辑 (E) 伴随状语使用错误,有作后置定语修饰temperature的歧义存在；possibly使用错误
句子结构: …, the number of… rises and falls…, and it can… serve as…
97. (29753-!-item-!-188;#058&003991)
Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.
(A) while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
(B) while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have (C) while they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time,
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which have
(D) but introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have (E) but at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
考点: 指代一致（Agreement） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 1) 现在分词的完成时态不能作修饰语
2) while 引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有 be,则从句主语和 be 可省略。while 后可 直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。如:
We are teachers while (we are) serving as students.我们边当老师边当学生。 3) 限定性定语从句表示的是局部概念: 例: I am checking up the models who are in black T-shirt. 表 明有很多模特,而我打量的是那些穿黑色圆领衫的模特.限定性定语从句区分了我打量的模特和其他的 模特.
4) 非限定定语从句表示的是整体的概念: 例: I am checking up the models, who are in black T-shirt. 表明这里有一群模特,这些模特共同的特点是她们都穿黑色圆领衫.
(A)第二个they有指代不清的嫌疑, 既可能指代第一个they所指代的Industrialization and modern methods of insect control又可以指代chemical pollutants；句尾的分词结构having gone…目的是作 pollutants的后置定语，但有作状语的歧义存在。
(B) 正确, 使用sb do… while doing 结构, 省掉了they, 避免了同第二个they产生指代不清的嫌疑; 使用限定性定语从句符合逻辑意思
(C) 使用which作非限定定语从句,导致逻辑错误, 表明所有的chemical pollutants都 have gone virtually unregulated; 第二个they有指代不清的嫌疑 (D) but introducing不能和have improved构成并列
(E) but… introducing不能和have improved构成并列; 句尾的分词结构having gone…目的是作 pollutants的后置定语，但有作状语的歧义存在。
句子结构: Industrialization and modern methods… have improved… while… introducing…
98. (29799-!-item-!-188;#058&004009)
A decade after initiating the nation's most comprehensive and aggressive antismoking program, per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as in the nation as a whole.
(A) per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as
(B) annual per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs to about 60, more than twice as great as that
(C) California's annual per capita consumption of cigarettes declined from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as the drop
(D) California has seen per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs annually to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as that
(E) California has seen annual per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as that
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 比较（Comparision） 1) 逻辑主语
2) 比较双方要对等
(A) per capita consumption of cigarettes作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; a drop more than
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twice as great as in the nation比较双方不对等,应该改为that in the nation, that代替a drop, 构成对等 的比较
(B) annual per capita consumption of cigarettes作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; more than twice as great as that不符合同位语构成方式,应该补上a drop对前面的现象进行概括
(C) California's annual per capita consumption作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; more than结构 不符合同位语构成
(D) 正确, California作为initiating的逻辑主语,符合逻辑; a drop…结构符合同位语构成; that代替a drop使得比较双方对等
(E) more than 结构不符合同位语构成; per capita 和 per person 重复; 改变了原意“人均吸烟量每年下 降……”，而 E 是“年人均吸烟量下降……”
句子结构: … after initiating…, California has seen…capita consumption…decline from.. to…, a drop…
99. (29845-!-item-!-188;#058&004015)
A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surface temperatures during the same period.
(A) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing
(B) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a result of an increase in
(C) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasing
(D) creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resulting from an increase in
(E) creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possibly resulted from increasing
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 1) 动词的现在分词作形容词,一般含有正在进行的意思 2) which/it 都不能指代整个句子
(A) sb. suffer from B,表示sb.遭受了B, B表示的是遭受的结果,因此使用dwindling不好,现在分词一般 表示过程, 应该使用名词或过去分词表示结果; 同样increasing也不好, result from后面接事实,表示原 因, 应该用increased或者an increase来代替increasing (B) 正确。
(C) because of food supplies强调的是food supplies, 而从逻辑上应该强调dwindle; increasing不好, 应该用increased或者an increase来表示结果
(D) revealed creature of the seabed强调的是名词creature of the seabed, 不能准确的表达revealed 的完整意思
(E) 除了D中的错误外, which不能指代整个句子,使用错;increasing使用错误
句子结构: A study… revealed that creatures… were suffering because…
100. (29891-!-item-!-188;#058&004023)
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To help counteract the adverse effects of trout stocking on the amphibian populations in certain mountain lakes, biologists are recommending cutting back on trout stocking on the part of some states and even their being removed from some popular fishing lakes.
(A) cutting back on trout stocking on the part of some states and even their being removed (B) cutting back on trout stocking on the part of some states and even that they remove them (C) that trout stocking be cut back in some states and they even remove the trout (D) that some states cut back on trout stocking and even their being removed (E) that some states cut back on trout stocking and even remove the trout
考点: 习惯用语（Idiom） 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）
1) 习惯用法: recommend sth., recommend that (使用虚拟语气), recommend doing sth.
2) 在require, demand等表“建议,命令”意义的词之后的that从句,要求用虚拟语气动词,即动词原形,不 加should
(A) and even their being removed表达笨拙; (B) and even that跟cutting back不平行
(C) 使用被动语态,不如主动语态有效；and they…是独立的句子，语法上与主句biologist are recommending…并列，they指代biologist，但根据原句意思，they应指代states，故不符合逻辑。 (D) even their being removed表达笨拙, 并且跟cut bank不平行
(E) 正确，使用recommend that表达虚拟语气, some states cut back …and remove…结构平行
句子结构: To help…, biologists are recommending that some states cut back…and even remove…
101. (29937-!-item-!-188;#058&004052)
Many environmentalists, and some economists, say that free trade encourages industry to relocate to countries with ineffective or poorly enforced antipollution laws, mostly in the developing world, and that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution. (A) that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
(B) that, for maintaining competitiveness, rich nations join in this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
(C) that rich nations join this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution because of wanting to maintain competitiveness
(D) that in rich nations, joining this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution is a result of wanting to maintain competition
(E) that wanting to maintain competition is making rich nations join in this downward slide toward an attitude about pollution that is more lax
句子结构：Many environmentalists, and some economists, say that… and that…
主语是Many environmentalists and some economists，谓语是say，后跟由that引导的两个并列宾语 从句。
考点：平行对称、逻辑表达、动词形式、简洁有效
1) 并列结构-宾语从句，say 后接宾语从句，必须由 that 引导，并列的宾语从句 that 不可以省略。 2) 逻辑表达-修饰歧义，定语从句修饰紧临的名词。
3) 动词形式-原文时态不应随意改变，如果选项将时态没有理由的进行了改变，即改变了原句要表达
的时间关系。
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