Changes in sea level are not only a result of changes in water temperature, affecting water density, but of melting glaciers as well. (A) are not only a result of changes in water temperature, affecting water density, but of melting glaciers as well
(B) not only result from changes in water temperature, which affect water density, but also when glaciers melt
(C) are a result not only of changes in water temperature, which affect water density, but also the melting glaciers
(D) result not only from changes in water temperature, which affect water density, but also from the melting of glaciers
(E) result from not only changes in water temperature, affecting water density, but as well as when glaciers melt
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 习惯用语（Idiom） 1) not only…but also习惯用法
2) not only…but also结构一定要平行
3) 伴随状语只能修饰主句的动词性谓语,不能修饰主句系动词
(A) are not only a result… but of melting结构不符合not only… but also习惯用法,且不平行;选项A与E 中的分词结构affecting…在该句中是做后置定语修饰紧临的名词temperature的。 (B) not only result… but also when结构不平行
(C) a result not only of… but also the melting结构不平行; (D) 正确, result not only from… but also from结构平行
(E) result from not only changes…but as well as when不符合not only…but also习惯用法,且不平行
句子结构: Changes.. result not only from changes…, which…, but also from the melting of…
补充说明:
读题时,发现选项中出现了not only…but also,直接看该结构是否平行.排除不平行选项后再看余下选 项.
伴随状语的几个特点:
1-在句子中应该是一个独立的成分，跟主句存在一定的逻辑关系
2-伴随状语一定是和主句谓语动词相比，并且伴随状语的意义居于次要地位 3-伴随状语中的动作和主句动作同时发生
4-伴随状语中动词的主语和主句中谓语动词的主语相同
81. (28921-!-item-!-188;#058&003760)
In the major cities of industrialized countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public places such as theaters, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.
(A) electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still (B) electricity was in less than one percent of homes and lighting still
(C) there were less than one percent of homes with electricity, where lighting was still being (D) there was less than one percent of homes that had electricity, having lighting that was still (E) less than one percent of homes had electricity, where lighting had still been
考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Construction） 主谓一致（Agreement）
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1) 两个句子并列,第一个句子含有be动词,第二个句子中的be动词必须省略,同时,一些重复的名词或 形容词也必须省略, 但是be功能不同时不能省略.
2) 单数复数: the percent of +可数名词复数形式, 谓语动词用复数 3) there be + n 句型中, be动词的单复形式由n的单复形式决定 4) 伴随状语不能修饰主句系动词
(A) 正确, 句子结构简洁; where就近修饰homes, 符合逻辑意思
(B) and lighting still provided省略了was, 因为这里was作为助动词,而前一个并列句的was是系动词, 功能不同,不能省略.
(C) where语法上就近修饰electricity,导致逻辑错误; being多余
(D) was应该改为were, 因为one percent of homes是复数名词; having… 修饰对象不清楚。 (E) where语法上就近修饰electricity,导致逻辑意思错误；had been过去完成时态错误。
句子结构:…, important public places such as… had installed…, but electricty was in…, where lighting was…
82. (28967-!-item-!-188;#058&003792)
Each year companies in the United States could save as much as $58 billion annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided offices with cleaner air. (A) annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided
(B) annually if they prevented employee illness and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providing
(C) annually in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providing
(D) in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided
(E) by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improved worker performance if they simply provided
考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1) 在句子中要注意意思相同的词或词组的重复使用 2) 尽量不要用动词的抽象名词形式,
3) 动词的现在分词形式做形容词一般含有正在进行的意思,而用过去分词形式做形容词一般表达其结 果,表示动作已经完成
(A) annually和each year意思表达重复; improving表示动作的过程,而这里的逻辑意思应该是 performance已经被提高,其结果造成了$200 billion的收益
(B) annually和each year意思表达重复; and gain有和if they prevented并列的嫌疑; through worker performance improved…的重心在worker performance,因此不能准确的表达出原句的意思,应该将 improved置于worker之前,使重心变为improved worker performance; by simply providing offices with cleaner air意思表达不清,没有表达出providing的施动者是谁
(C) 错误同B选项; in employee illness prevention表达笨拙,尽量不要用动词的抽象名词形式 (D) prevention表达笨拙; improving不如improved意思表达准确
(E) 正确, by preventing结构比in… prevention结构意思表达更清晰; 使用improved代替improving更 符合逻辑意思
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句子结构: … companies… could save as much as… by preventing…and gain as much as… through improved worker performance…
补充说明:
形容词的位置的不同,会对句子的重心造成影响
83. (29013-!-item-!-188;#058&003802)
Stock levels for domestic crude oil are far lower than in past years, leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being disrupted in the Middle East or to any unexpected consumer demand growth possibly prompted by colder-than-normal temperatures.
(A) leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being disrupted in the Middle East or to any unexpected consumer demand growth possibly
(B) leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any hints of oil supply disruptions in the Middle East or any unexpected growth in consumer demand that might be
(C) leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies that are disrupted in the Middle East or to any unexpected growth in consumer demand as was possibly
(D) resulting in the fact that domestic oil prices are vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being disrupted in the Middle East or to any unexpected consumer demand growth possibly (E) resulting in the fact of domestic oil prices that are vulnerable to any hints of oil supply disruptions in the Middle East or to any unexpected growth in consumer demand that might be
考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1) being错误使用: 以下几种表达中being属于多余 a) being + n. b) being + adj. c) as being + n./adj./v-ing
2) as不能作为关系代词引导定语从句,关系代词正确的使用:that(指代人,GMAT语法中that不能指代 人),which(指代物),who(指代人,主格),whom(指代人,宾格),whose(指代人或物)
(A) being多余,应该删除；分词后置定语promped…就近修饰growth不符合逻辑。
(B) 正确, leaving伴随结果做状语修饰主语,结构简洁; that从句修饰consumer demand符合语法要求 (C) as不能作为关系代词引导定语从句
(D) being多余,应该删除；分词后置定语promped…就近修饰growth不符合逻辑。 (E) in the fact of不符合习惯用法,应该使用in the fact that
句子结构: Stock levels… are far lower than…, leaving domestic oil price vulnerable to any hints of… or any…demand growth…
补充说明:
该句中的并列结构vulnerable to any…or to any和vulnerable to any… or any表达都正确, 第二个to和 第一个to功能一样,可以省略
leaving和resulting in the fact that表达都正确,但是前者比后者简洁.
84. (29059-!-item-!-188;#058&003806)
The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to three scientists for their discovery that plastic can be made electrically conductive--an advance that has led to improvements in film, television screens, and windows.
(A) that plastic can be made electrically conductive--an advance that has led (B) that plastic can be made electrically conductive--this advance leading
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(C) that plastic can be made to be electrically conductive, and this advance led
(D) of plastic's ability to be made electrically conductive, with this advance leading (E) of plastic being able to be made electrically conductive--an advance that has led
考点: 习惯用语（Idiom）
1) 习惯用法: make sth adj,不使用make sth to be adj 2) that引导同位语结构强调整体概念 3) 同位语结构的形式: (参考白勇语法) 1. 名词性同位语, 名词解释名词: n. , n. ; n. , a/an + n.或 a/an + n. , n. 2. that引导同位语结构:
抽象名词(evidence, result, principle等等) + that从句, that从句对抽象名词进行具体化解释 3. 概括性同位语结构:
用一个概括性的名词去概括前面的解释对象; 短语/句子, a program/ an advance/ a practice that… 4. 名词重复性同位语结构:
n. , n.(重复所修饰的名词) + that… 或 n. , the same n.(重复所修饰的名词) that…
(A) 正确, that引导同位语从句修饰discovery, 表达其完整的意思; an advance that has led作为that plastic can be made electrically conductive的同位语对其进行概括,说明
(B) this advance不符合同位语使用方法, 应该用一个概括性名词结构,而不能使用特指.将this改为an, 变特指为概括性名词结构；this advance leading to…缺少谓语结构。
(C) be made to be electrically conductive不符合习惯用法,应该改为be made electrically conductive (D) discovery of plastic’s ability…强调的是ability是局部概念,应该用that引导同位语从句来解释 discovery的全部内容表达整体概念; with this advance leading不符合同位语的用法 (E) discovery of plastic…强调的是plastic是局部概念,应该使用that引导的同位语从句
句子结构: The Nobel Prize…was awarded to…for their discovery that…
补充说明:
同位语是GMAT考试中经常出现的一种表现手法, 且在GMAT考试中经常作为正确答案的标志.如本 题中的A,C选项,如果C选项中的to be去掉,整个句子无明显的语法错误,正确答案也不会是C,而应该是 A.GMAT考试中比较偏好同位语从句
85. (29201-!-item-!-188;#058&003882)
In 1945, after a career as First Lady in which she shattered expectations more audaciously than
either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had been, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman. (A) more audaciously than either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had been, Eleanor
Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman
(B) more audaciously than either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, President Harry S Truman had Eleanor Roosevelt appointed to be a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly
(C) with an audacity never matched in the case of Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, President Harry S Truman had Eleanor Roosevelt appointed as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly (D) with an audacity never matched by Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman (E) with an audacity never matched either in the case of Abigail Adams or of Dolly Madison's, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed to be a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by
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President Harry S Truman
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 句子结构（Grammatical Construction） 习惯用语（Idiom） 1) 省略结构一定要能够还原
2) appoint是及物动词,后面直接加职务名词（双宾语）: appointed her the chief operating officer of the company
(A) Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had been结构中,had been省略结构无法还原, 也就是说 had been无法承接she shattered进行省略
(B) President Harry S Truman作为after a career as First Lady的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑.
(C) never matched in the case of Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison结构表达复杂; President Harry S Truman作为after a career as First Lady的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑.
(D) 正确, 句子结构简洁; Eleanor Roosevelt作为after a career as First Lady的逻辑主语; 符合逻辑, appoint使用符合习惯用法
(E) in the case of Abigail Adams or of Dolly Madison's结构复杂, 且所有格指代不清; appoint属于及 物动词,后面直接加名词
句子结构: … after a career as First Lady in which she shattered…, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed…
86. (29247-!-item-!-188;#058&003883)
An international team of astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter, the solar system's largest planet.
(A) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(B) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass
(C) astronomers is working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, having detected at least 18 huge gas spheres that are estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(D) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, and has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(E) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres they have estimated to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass
考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 平行对称（Parallelism） 比较（Comparison） 1) 不能随意更改原句的意思
2) 习惯用法: estimate at 后常用价格等数量词,除此以外的概念优先用 estimate to 3) 比较的双方一定要对应
4) 定语从句尽可能简化,常常省略that/which和be动词.能直接用形容词修饰名词时，可以直接在名词 前/后跟形容词，比定语从句更简洁。如:the chemical that is irritating常表达为 the chemical irritant; huge gas spheres that are estimated…常表达为huge gas spheres estimated…
(A) 正确, 句子结构简洁, 意思表达清晰且用词符合习惯
(B) the solar system's largest planet同位语结构无法修饰Jupiter's mass; 在gas spheres that are estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter比较结构中,gas spheres和the mass of Jupiter不对应, 无法进行比较
(C) 更改了原句的意思working本来是修饰成分,用来修饰astronomers,在这里变成了句子的谓语,has
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