1) 连词前面的结构包括谓语动词,则连词后面平列结构也应该含有谓语动词 2) either…or…结构一定要平行 3) 用to do结构表达目的更加有效
(A) Broccoli thrives…and propagated by seeds…结构中and前后连接不对称,后者谓语结构不完成， 被动语态应为be done；either sown… or in…结构不平行,应该改为either sown… or sown in…或者 sown either in…or in…
(B) propagated by谓语结构不完整，缺少被动语态中的be; sown either directly in…or sown in…结构 不平行; designed so as to produce结构笨拙复杂,应该改为designed to produce
(C) either sown directly in the field or in plant…结构不平行; designed so that they produce结构复杂, 且they没有指代
(D) 正确, is propagated by seeds结构跟Broccoli thrives in结构构成并列; sown either directly in the field or in…结构平行; designed to produce结构表示目的,简洁,有效
(E) sown either directly in the field or sown in结构不平行; for producing表示目的不如to produce表示 目的有效
句子结构: Broccoli thrives…and is propagated by seeds, either directly in… or in… to produce…
补充说明:
在某些情况下,并列结构的第二个成分的谓语动词可以省略:两个句子并列,第一个句子含有be动词或 者become,第二个句子中的be动词或者become必须省略,同时,一些重复的名词或形容词也必须省略. 例: Once the economic and social usefulness of the motor was demonstrated and its superiority to the horse proved, ... (proved 前省略了 was)
73. (28457-!-item-!-188;#058&003634)
Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a \ comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.
(A) the human mind is not a \mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving
(B) the human mind is not a \ that were developed to solve
(C) the human mind, instead of a \have been developed to solve
(D) rather than it being a \ that have been developed as a way of solving
(E) rather than the human mind's being a \mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving
考点:简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) 连词前面的结构包括谓语动词,则连词后面平列结构也应该含有谓语动词 1）not …but…连接平行结构。 2）不定式表目的简洁有效。
(A) the human mind is not a \结构不平行; developed as a way of solving表达复杂,直接改为developed to solve表达目的
(B) 正确, the human mind is not a \结构平行; 用developed to solve表达目的,简洁
55
(C) 代词it指代the human mind,用在此处多余，存在两个主语，句子结构错误; instead of a \slate”意思表达不清; developed as a way of solving表达啰嗦。
(D) rather than it being a \结构表达复杂,且it多余应该删掉; developed as a way of solving表达复杂
(E) 整个句子结构表达笨拙,复杂，两个that从句之间缺少连词; developed as a way of solving表达复 杂
句子结构: …holds that the human mind is not a….but instead comprises…
74. (28503-!-item-!-188;#058&003635)
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are (B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are (C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but (D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are (E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) 介词短语:on account of, because of, despite (in despite of), as a result of, due to之后只跟简单的
名词短语。若其后面跟的是动名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的 现在分词来修饰时或后面跟动词的抽象名词形式,应改为与其相同意义的连词because, although等引 导的从句形式。
2) but的用法: but做介词,表示除了… 例:No one has read it but the students. 或者用在词组not… but…举行中,作连词表示不是,而是的意思, 例: The plan caused not prosperity but ruin.
(A) due to +动词的抽象名词形式,表达不够有效；not…but…连接的结构不平行。
(B) due to +动词的抽象名词形式,表达不够有效; they多余, 破坏了 sth/sb be not… but (be)…的结构 (C) but可能作为介词,产生because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random by-products的歧意
(D) 正确，but are表明了but在这里只能作为连词,构成be not… but (be)…的平行结构 (E) because of +动名词形式,表达不够有效
句子结构: …has argued that …traits are not the products…,favred because…, but are… favored…结构作为插入语修饰 products of natural selection
75. (28597-!-item-!-188;#058&003702)
Beneath the soil of the Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon, a fungus has for centuries been slowly weaving its way through the roots of trees, to become the largest living single organism known to humans.
(A) has for centuries been slowly weaving its way through the roots of trees, to become (B) has slowly woven its way through the roots of trees for centuries, and so becoming
(C) that has been slowly weaving its way through the roots of trees for centuries has become (D) that has for centuries slowly woven its way through the roots of trees and has become (E) that, having slowly woven its way through the roots of trees for centuries, to become
56
考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Construction） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 1) 修饰语要尽可能贴近其修饰对象
(A) for centuries修饰语位置不合理,置于has been之间,句子变得不通顺; to become使得句子的逻辑 意思不合理,这里没有目的的意思,应该是表达一个客观事实.
(B) 时态不对,for centuries表示持续的时间,应该用完成时的进行时态; and so becoming没有与之平 行的结构,并列逻辑意思也不对,这里没有因果关系.
(C) 正确, that限定性定语从句修饰fungus; for centuries紧靠修饰对象weaving its way through the roots of trees符合习惯用法; 用称述语气表达客观事实,符合逻辑意思
(D) for centuries位置不好; 句子结构为Beneath… a fungus that…整个句子没有谓语成分 (E) 整个句子没有谓语成分; to become不符合句子逻辑意思
句子结构: Beneath…, a fungus that… has become…
76. (28643-!-item-!-188;#058&003706)
By recording the noise of crinkled wrappers as they were slowly stretched out in an otherwise silent chamber, and then digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found the noise not continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.
(A) digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found the noise not
(B) digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
(C) digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found the noise not to be
(D) the sound emissions were digitized and analyzed on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
(E) the sound emissions were digitized and analyzed on computers, a team of scientists found the noise not to be
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 平行对称（Parallelism） 1) 正式书面语中，动词型宾语从句中的that一般不能省略 2) not…but…连接的对象要平行
3) 一般来说在report, predicate, predict, shown等动词后面之跟简单的名词短语, 若其后面跟的是动 名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分词来修饰时,都会造成 句子结构的复杂,笨拙. 经常用that引导宾语从句来对该类句子进行改写
(A) not continuous but consisted结构不平行,continuous是形容词,consisted是动词; 应该用found that从句来表现found的完整内容
(B) 正确, By recording…, and then digitizing and analyzing结构平行; 使用found that从句更能够清 楚完整的表达found的内容
(C) not to be continuous but consisted结构不平行; 应该用found that从句来表现found的完整内容 (D) By recording… and then the sound emissions were digitized…结构不平行；the sound emissions 作为by recording…的逻辑主语，错误。
(E) not…but..连接对象不平行；the sound emmissions作为by recording…的逻辑主语，错误。
句子结构: By recording…, and then digitizing and analyzing…, a team… found that the noise was
57
not…but consisted of…
77. (28689-!-item-!-188;#058&003708)
Scientists have found signs that moving water changed the chemical makeup of the surface of Mars in recent eras, therefore concluding that its crust is harboring up to three times as much water than was previously thought.
(A) eras, therefore concluding that its crust is harboring up to three times as much water than was (B) eras, therefore concluding that the planet's crust harbors up to three times as much water or more as was
(C) eras and have therefore concluded that the planet's crust harbors up to three times as much water as
(D) eras and they have concluded, therefore, that its crust harbors up to three times as much water, or more, than
(E) eras and concluded, therefore, that the planet's crust is harboring up to three times more water as was
考点: 有效用词（Diction）… 平行对称（Parallelism）…逻辑表达（Logical Predication）…习惯用 语（Idiom）
1) 习惯用法:as…as; more…than
2) GMAT考试中经常出现将相等比较as...as和more...than...形式比较合并在一起写的错误或者故意 复杂化的表示方法;正确表达应该是:as least as great as或者as great as or greater than 3) 并列句主语相同,应该省略重复的主语
4) 在没有明显时间证据的情况下,并列成分尽量使用同一个时态
(A) 从逻辑上看conclude这个动作应该和found这个动作构成因果关系的,平等的两个动作,而不应该 构成主要和次要成分,因此therefore concluding应该改为and therefore have concluded结构跟主句中 的have found构成平等的成分; its指代不清,上一个分句中存在多个单数名词moving water, surface; as …than结构不符合习惯用法
(B) 错误同A; as much water or more as表达不正确
(C) 正确，Scientists have found…and have therefore concluded结构平行; planet’s crust消除了its 的指代模糊; three times as much as符合习惯用法
(D) its指代不清; as much water, or more, than表达不正确; they重复,应该去掉
(E) 没有时间证据,concluded应该改为现在完成时,跟前一个并列成分使用同一个时态; three times more water as表达不正确
句子结构: Scientists have found…and have therefore concluded that…
78. (28735-!-item-!-188;#058&003712)
The cottontail rabbit population in Orange County, California, has increased unchecked in recent years as a result of the removal of the native fox population and the clearing of surrounding woodlands.
(A) years as a result of the removal of (B) years as a result of removing
(C) years, resulting from the removing of (D) years, which is a result of removing (E) years, which is a result of the removal of
58
考点: 有效用词（Diction）
1) 介词短语:on account of, because of, despite (in despite of), as a result of之后只跟简单的名词短
语。若其后面跟的是动名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分 词来修饰时,应改为与其相同意义的连词because, although等引导的从句形式。 2) 动词有自己的名词形式时,就不要用the +动词ing形式来表达其名词形式 3) which不能指代整个句子
(A) 正确, as a result后面接名词的并列结构,表达正确,简洁
(B) as a result of后面加动名词不好,且根据未划线部分and the clearing判断出as a result of后面应该 是名词
(C) removal是remove的名词形式,因此不用the removing表达remove的名词形式 (D) which不能指代句子,在这里没有指代; removing应该改为the removal (E) which不能指代句子。
句子结构: The…population has increased… as a result of the removal of… and the clearing of…
79. (28781-!-item-!-188;#058&003734) 注意跟55题比较
Shipwrecks are more likely to be found undisturbed at great depths than in shallow coastal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be archaeologist, treasure hunter, or sport diver. (A) than in shallow coastal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be
(B) than in shallow coastal waters, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether
(C) as opposed to shallow waters along the coast, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including
(D) instead of in shallow waters along the coast, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and making them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including an
(E) instead of shallow coastal waters, because it exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether
考点: 比较（Comparison） 逻辑表达（Logical Predication） 习惯用语（Idiom） 1) 习惯用语 more…than…
2) 习惯用语 whether A, B, or C
(A) which指代waters导致逻辑意思错误,因为并不是水域把古迹暴露在外,而是古迹暴露在这个水域, 应该用where指代in shallow coastal waters; exposes和makes应该用复数形式which指代的是waters; whether they be表达复杂,they be应该去掉.
(B) 正确, more…than符合习惯用法; where使用恰当; 用whether A, B, or C修饰anyone,修饰得当 (C) more…as opposed to不符合习惯用法; including使用不恰当,include表示为群体中包含某些项,而 这里anyone是个体,不能使用including.若将anyone改为everyone会更好
(D) more…instead of不符合习惯用法;使用which导致逻辑意思错误;including使用不恰当. (E) more…instead of不符合习惯用法;it没有指代
句子结构: Shipwrecks are more likely… at great depths than in shallow coastal water, where archaeologcial remains are exposed to…and are accessible to…, whether A,B,or C.
80. (28875-!-item-!-188;#058&003751)
59