a floor结构平行;that限定性定语从句修饰floor没有歧意;用to prevent表示目的,简洁,明了.
(E) it没有指代,their指代不清,即可能指代floors也可能指代wagons；不定式表目的，而so that…通常 表达结果。
句子结构: Developed by Pennsylvania’s Palatine…, Conestoga wagons had high wheels capable of corssing A,B,and C, and a floor that…
补充说明:
一般来说,当一个代词可以指代多个对象时,它优先指代离它较近代的对象,如果就近指代会导致逻辑 意思的错误,则可以肯定该选项犯有指代不清的错误.(目前GMAT题目均符合该规律)
有and出现的时候,一定要警惕是不是会有平行结构的考点.读选项时,重点读and连接的对象,跳过修饰 语等成分,如果and连接对象不平行,则可以直接排除该选项,节省时间
66. (28087-!-item-!-188;#058&003498)
Africa's black rhino population in the mid-1970's numbered about 20,000, ten times the estimated population of 2,000 in 1997. (A) the estimated population
(B) that of their estimated population
(C) more than the population's estimated amount (D) more black rhinos than their population estimate (E) more than that of their population's estimated amount
考点:习惯用语（Idiom） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 1) 倍数的表达
1)twice as many...as; twice as much...as; twice + the + n.; twice + what 从句
2)用动词表达数 double, triple, quadruple, quintuple, 可用主动语态,也可以用被动语态,但不能和 as 搭配
3)...times(或数字) + as + 形容词或副词 + as...或…times the + n 4) sb. be + 百分数 + more likely to do sth. than (to) do sth
(A) 正确, 表达符合习惯用法,意思表达清晰,简洁
(B) that只能指代rhino population,从而跟后面的their estimated population意思重复 (C) the population’s estimated amount表达笨拙,复杂 (D) 表达复杂,笨拙；their没有指代对象。
(E) 表达复杂,笨拙,that指代rhino population和their population’s estimated amount意思重复；their 没有指代对象。
句子结构: …population…numbered about 20,000, ten times the…
67. (28133-!-item-!-188;#058&003500)
Scientists say that each of the photographs taken of the Ares Vallis plain by the Mars Pathfinder indicate the overwhelming extent to flooding on the planet billions of years ago and the degree that rocks were scattered by its force.
(A) indicate the overwhelming extent to flooding on the planet billions of years ago and the degree that
(B) indicate that the extent of the floods on the planet billions of years ago was overwhelming and
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the degree to which
(C) indicate the overwhelming extent of the floods on the planet billions of years ago and the degree to which
(D) indicates the overwhelming extent of the flooding on the planet billions of years ago and the degree to which
(E) indicates the overwhelming extent to flooding on the planet billions of years ago and the degree that
考点:主谓一致（Agreement） 习惯用语（Idiom） 平行对称（Parallelism） 1) each of 复数名词 + verb,谓语动词用单数
2) 习惯用语:the extent of sth 或者to …extent, 表示…的范围 3) 习惯用语:the degree to sth 或者to…degree, 表示…的程度 4) 同一句子中，连词连接的对象一定要平行
(A) 主谓不一致, indicate的主语是each,应该用单数形式;extend to sth错,应该改为extend of sth; the degree that错,应该改为the degree to which
(B) 主谓不一致; and前后对象不平行,前者是句子,后者是名词结构 (C) 主谓不一致
(D) 正确, indicates和主语each主谓一致;extend of sth和degree to sth符合习惯用法 (E) extend to sth和degree that不符合习惯用法
句子结构: Scientists say that each of… indicates the overwhelming extent… and the degree…
68. (28179-!-item-!-188;#058&003508)
For the best extraction of the flavor of saffron threads, it should be soaked in liquid after being pounded with a mortar and pestle. (A) For the best extraction of the flavor of saffron threads, it should be soaked in liquid after being pounded
(B) To best extract their flavor, saffron threads should be soaked in liquid after pounding
(C) The best way to extract the flavor from saffron threads is soaking them in liquid after being pounded
(D) The best way to extract the flavor from saffron threads is to soak them in liquid after pounding them
(E) The flavor of saffron threads can best be extracted by soaking it in liquid after pounding it
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）、简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）平行对称（Parellelism） 1) 介词+动词分词放在在句尾,逻辑主语可能等于主句的主语,也可能等于所修饰的动词的逻辑主语 2) being错误使用: 以下几种表达中being属于多余 a) being + n. b) being + adj. c) as being + n./adj./v-ing
3) sth is sth是一种平行结构,其中sth和sth一定要能够对应,平行
(A) it无指代; best extraction意思表达模糊;being pounded中being多余
(B) best extract意思表达模糊, after pounding无论是修饰主句的主语还是所修饰动词的逻辑主语都是 修饰saffron threads, 因此pound应该使用被动语态pounded,因为saffron threads不能主动用mortar 和pestle去搞烂,而是被mortar和pestle搞烂
(C) the best way to extract is soaking…不平行,应该改为the best way to extract is to soak…;介词短 语after being pounded修饰soaking的逻辑主语或者主句的主语the best way, after being pounded修 饰the best way不符合逻辑,修饰soaking的逻辑主语(可以想象是某人soaking them…)也不符合逻辑
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(D) 正确, the best way to extract… is to soak结构平行;them指代saffron threads,指代正确;after pounding them修饰soak的逻辑主语(可以想象为某人),符合逻辑
(E) The flavor of saffron threads can best be extracted by表达笨拙; it没有指代
句子结构: The best way to… is to…
补充说明:
sth is sth的平行,对应在实战中不容易看得出来,平时训练的时候看到be动词,也要警惕,是否会考到平 行,对应.举OG10th 84题为例
84. One legacy of Madison Avenue's recent campaign to appeal to people fifty years old and over
is the realization that as a person ages. their concerns change as well. (A) the realization that as a person ages, their (B) the realization that as people age, their (C) to realize that when a person ages, his or her (D) to realize that when people age, their (E) realizing that as people age, their
其中 C,D,E 选项均不满足 sth is sth 的平行对应. one legacy 是名词,因此和它对应的也应该是名词,而 C,D,E 分别是 to do 结构和动名词结构,不能和名词结构平行,因此排除 C,D,E 选项,然后根据指代一致, 排除 A,正确答案为 B
69. (28225-!-item-!-188;#058&003542)
The proliferation of so-called cybersquatters, people who register the Internet domain names of
high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to passing the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, allowing companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling them later. (A) passing the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, allowing companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling (B) the passage of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, which allows companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent that they will sell
(C) the passage in 1999 of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which allows companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling
(D) the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which was passed in 1999, and it allows companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent to sell
(E) the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, passed in 1999 and allowing companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling
考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）
1) 动名词结构含有正在进行的意思,多表示动作的过程
2) 修饰语应该尽可能靠近修饰对象,否则很容易引起修饰不清 3) of + doing修饰名词而to do结构修饰动词,表示目的
(A) 从逻辑意思上看The proliferation…导致的结果是反域名强占保护法案的通过,而不是通过的过程, 因此passing应该改为passage,强调结果.in 1999既可能修饰Act也可能修饰passing,导致修饰不清； 分词结构allowing…修饰有歧义。
(B) in 1999位置不对,导致修饰不清;with the sole intent that they will sell表达复杂,笨拙.
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(C) 正确, lead to the passage强调了结果;which非限定定语从句修饰Act,意思表达清楚;时间状语in 1999紧靠修饰对象the passage,修饰无歧意;用of selling修饰名词intent表达正确
(D) 从逻辑意思上看,The proliferation…导致的结果是法案的通过,而不是导致了法案,因此lead to the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which was passed in 1999意思表达不完整;with the sole intent to sell错误,应该改为with the sole intent of selling. (E) 错误同D,逻辑意思表达不完整
句子结构: The proliferation… led to the passage…of…Act, which allows companies to…
补充说明:
要注意不要将with the sole intent to sell误认为是to do结构表示目的. to do结构修饰的是动词,如果修 饰名词的话应该用A of B结构.with the sole intent没有动词出现,所以应该用of selling来修饰名词 intent
70. (28271-!-item-!-188;#058&003560)
It is unclear whether chimpanzees are unique among nonhuman species in their ability to learn
behaviors from one another, or if, when other animals are studied in as much depth, similar patterns would be found. (A) if, when other animals are studied in as much depth, similar patterns would be found (B) if other animals were studied with as much depth they would exhibit similar patterns (C) would similar patterns be found in other animals if they were studied in as much depth
(D) whether similar patterns would be exhibited in other animals that were studied with as much depth
(E) whether other animals would exhibit similar patterns if they were studied in as much depth
考点: 平行对称（Parallelism） 有效用词（Diction） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction） 1) 在GMAT考试用只能用whether表示“是否“,不能用if 2) when不能够引导条件从句 3) 习惯用语:in depth
4) 能用主动语态的就不要使用被动语态,主动语态优于被动语态
(A) if应该改成whether;使用when从句来表示条件从句,错误 (B) if应该改为whether; with as much depth不符合习惯用法 (C) It is unclear whether… or would…结构不平行
(D) similar patterns would be exhibited in other animals表达笨拙,应该改为主动语态;with as much
depth不符合习惯用法;用that限定性定语从句修饰animals无法表达出条件关系,改变了句子的合理意 思
(E) 正确, It is unclear whether… or whether…结构平行;用语简洁,符合习惯用法;使用if从句表达条件 关系,符合句子的逻辑意思
句子结构: It is unclear whether…, or whether…
补充说明:
GMAT考试中经常会使用when从句来作为条件从句的迷惑选项.对于中国考生来讲比较有迷惑
性,when的意思是“当…的时候”,很多人习惯性的省略掉“…的时候”把when理解为“当…”这样一来就容 易把when和if等条件从句弄混.以OG11th 第8题为例:
8. Rising inventories, when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead to production cutbacks that would hamper economic growth.
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(A) when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead
(B) when not accompanied corresponding by increases in sales, possibly leads (C) when they were unaccompanied by corresponding sales increases can lead (D) if not accompanied by correspondingly increased sales, possibly leads (E) if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead
A,B,C用when从句来表示条件从句,排除,选项D中possibly改变了原句can的意思,排除,答案E
71. (28317-!-item-!-188;#058&003604)
Paper production accounts for approximately 40 percent of the world's industrial use of wood, and the market for paper is growing faster than it is for all major wood products. (A) the market for paper is growing faster than it is for all
(B) the market for paper is growing faster than the market for all other (C) the market for it is growing faster than it is for all other (D) its market is growing faster than the market for all (E) its market is growing faster than it is for all other
考点:比较（Comparison） 指代一致（Agreement）
1) 当 A 属于 B 的一种时,必须用 other 把它自身排除在从属范围之外才能表达两者间的对比关系 例:apple and other fruits
2) 避免指代不清,修改的方法有三个: 1)重复代词指代的对象
2)用 such + n.或者指示代词 this/these/those + n.代替代词 3)用一个名词概括代词指代的对象
(A) it只能指代the market for paper,代入句子不符合逻辑
(B) 正确, the market for paper和the market for all other major wood products表达清晰,没有歧意;使 用other将market for paper排除在外,表达出market for paper和other market的对比关系
(C) 第一个it指代模糊,既可能指代paper production又可能指代use of wood,如果根据优先原则指代 use of wood则不符合逻辑;第二个it错误同A选项
(D) its的指代错误同C的第一个it; all后面应该加other将它自身排除在外才能表达两者间的对比关系 (E) its错误同D选项; it错误同A选项
句子结构: Paper production accounts…, and the market… is growing faster than the market…
72. (28363-!-item-!-188;#058&003615)
Broccoli thrives in moderate to cool climates and propagated by seeds, either sown directly in the field or in plant beds designed for producing transplants. (A) propagated by seeds, either sown directly in the field or in plant beds designed for producing (B) propagated by seeds, sown either directly in the field or sown in plant beds designed so as to produce
(C) is propagated by seeds either sown directly in the field or in plant beds designed so that they produce
(D) is propagated by seeds sown either directly in the field or in plant beds designed to produce (E) is propagated by seeds, sown either directly in the field or sown in plant beds designed for producing
考点:句子结构（Grammatical Construction） 平行对称（Parallelism） 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
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