考研英语长难句强化班讲义(5)

2019-04-14 20:16

98年的75题: Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

参考译文:宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。

95年75题: For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

they 指示代词,测试 compensate for 弥补

inequality:不公平,不平等,不相同 tell:说明,表明

underprivilieged:贫困的、物质条件差的

参考译文:例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公,因此就不能说明一个物质条件很差的人,如果在更加有利的条件下成长,会有多么能干。

补充:——under-过去分词

underbudgeted 预算不足的 undercapitalized 资金不足的 undercoloured 色彩不丰富的 underdeveloped 落后的 underdressed 衣着过分简朴的 undereducated 未受过良好教育的 underemployed 就业机会不足的 underpopulated 人口稀少的

in

cosmic inflation 宇

宙本服

膨子

胀物相

说 学 信

scientifically plausible consequence 科学上可信的推论

elementary-particle convinced

被physics

for the better part of a decade 七八年来

undersized 小尺寸的

十一,形式主语的翻译方法

1、 常常用于固定短语,翻译在整个句子的最前面。

It is said that?据说? It is reported that?据报道? It is estimated that?据估计?

It must be pointed out that?必须指出? It must be admitted that?必须承认? It is suggested that?有人建议? It can not be denied that?不可否认? It should be realized that?必须认识到?

It may be said without fear of exaggeration that?可以毫不夸张地说?

2、 It is adj for sb to do sth/sth is adj for sb to do sth.

3、 It+ be + adj + that?

这种句型,我们有两种处理方法。

第一,翻译作 Adj的是,然后再说that从句 第二,先翻译That后面的,然后加上“这是Adj的。

2000年72题:Furthermore it is obvious 1 that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

is directly bound up with 与……直接(密切)相关

the efficiency of its agriculture and industry 工农业生产效率 in turn 反过来

rests upon 有赖于,取决于

参考译文:此外,显而易见的是,一个国家的经济实力直接与其工农业的生产效

率密切相关,而工农业生产的效率又依赖/取决于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。

十二、状语结构 (一)原则:前置

时间状语结构,方式状语结构,地点状语结构翻译在主语之后,动词之前 03年的 62题Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

Social science 社会科学 The Chinese Acadamy of Social Science 中国社会科学院 intellectual enquiry 知识探究 enquiry = inquiry:探究,探索 seek to:试图,设法

humans and their endeavors 人类及其行为 endeavor:努力

in … manner 以……方式,用……方法 reasoned 理性的 orderly 有序的

an orderly answer 条理分明的回答 an orderly room 洁净的房间

知识点归纳——以ly结尾的形容词

? friendly(表示人物):友好的,友谊的 ? neighborly:邻居似的,睦邻的,友好的 ? costly:昂贵的,贵重的 ? cowardly:胆小的,怯弱的 ? hilly:多坡的,陡的 ? hourly(表示时间):每小时的,时时的 ? lovely:可爱的,有趣的

? orderly:有序的,整齐的,整洁的 ? soldierly:英勇的

? timely:及时的,适时的

dispassioned 冷静的

natural phenomena 自然现象

参考的译文:社会科学是(知识/智力/智能)(探索/探究/探寻)的一个分支,它(力图/试图/致力于/寻求)像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用(理性的/推理的)、(有序的/有规律的/有条理的/有秩序的)、系统的和(冷静的/不带感情(色彩)的/客观的/不受情绪影响

的)(方式/方法)研究人类及其行为。

(二)状语从句的翻译

1、让步状语从句——前置 2004年text 3

Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

结构:

并列句 and 连接 As引导的让步状语从句 Panic:使恐慌,使惊慌

Optimistic: 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的 Modest:谦虚的,谦让的,适度的

参考译文:消费者看上去只是有点担心而没有恐慌,很多消费者尽管正在收缩开支,但是他们对经济的长期前景仍然保持乐观。

2、时间状语从句——前置

2005年Text 1

However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

结构:

时间状语从句: when two monkeys were placed… 目的状语从句 :so that each could observe 宾语从句:what the other was getting 单词:

Adjoin 毗连,临近,贴近 Our house adjoins theirs. 我们的房子跟他们的毗邻。

Chamber 室,房间,议院,会所 the lower chamer 下议院 the upper chamber上议院

Markedly 显著地,明显地 参考译文:

然而,当两只猴子放置于隔开但是相邻的房间时,他们可以互相观察对方用岩石能换到什么东西,这样他们的行为开始变得明显不同了。

3、条件状语从句——前置

0265复合句65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our

译文:如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之受到排斥。 2006年text 4

The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

problems.

until technology rejected

of 被如抛

弃果;

不被

,绝

直被

到 对

a

behavior 研究行为的技术手段

be

with it 随之;伴随着它

结构:并列句,注意and

定语从句:in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

前面句子的主干是:The rise ….tracks the emergence

后面句子的主干是:a commercial culture 是主语,省略了谓语部分:tracks the emergence of mass media. 单词:

Anti-反

Track: 循路而行,追踪

Emergence: 浮现,出现 动词形式:emerge 显现,浮现,形成 Ideal:理想

Ideology :意识形态

参考译文:反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全随大众媒介同时出现,随之兴起了一种商业文化,在这个文化中,快乐不仅仅是一个理想,而且是一种意识形态。

4、方式状语从句——前置

9675复合句75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

New forms of thought 新的思维方式


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