I was made to work 12 hours a day. 每天要我工作12小时。
感知觉动词接宾语补足语时,若是持续性动词,一般只能用-ing分词,而不能用不定式形式做宾语的补足语,
I saw them play basketball this morning. 从语法角度来看是正确的,但从意义角度来考虑是错误的,因为,若无特殊原因,你不可能把他们打篮球的全过程看完,因此本句应该改为: I saw them playing basketball this morning.
I heard her singing in the next door? 当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
②。如果做宾语的不定式,动名词后接有宾语补足语,则通常用it作形式宾语。将作宾语的不定式,动名词放在宾语补足语之后。
We find it impossible to get there in time. We found it no use talking to him.
1.通常用带to的不定式作宾补的动词
advise 建议 allow 允许 ask 叫,请 bear 忍受 beg 乞求 cause 导致command 命令 encourage 鼓励 expect 期待 forbid 禁止 force 迫使 get 使 hate 讨厌 help 帮助 intend 想要 invite 邀请 leave 让 like 喜欢
mean 打算 need 需要oblige 迫使 order 命令 permit 允许 persuade 说服prefer 宁愿request 请求 remind 提醒 teach 教 tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告wish 希望 wait for 等 would like 想要 would love 想要 would prefer 宁愿 What caused him to change his mind? 什么使他改变了主意?
I don’t expect her to turn up at the meeting. 我估计她不会来开会。 Who persuaded you to join the society? 谁劝说你参加这个协会的?
I tried to persuade him to leave, but he wouldn’t listen. 我想劝他离开,可他不听。 He didn’t allow the students to go there. 他没让学生们去那儿。 He forbade me to use his car. 他不准我用他的小车。
The doctor warned him not to smoke. 医生告诫他不要抽烟。
My parents encouraged me to study abroad. 父母鼓励我出国留学。 2.
一般要接-ing分词做宾语补足语的动词:
get, have, keep, leave, consider, suggest ,find, send
Don’t leave the children making noises there. 不要让孩子们在那儿吵闹。 Add some wood to keep the fire burning. 添一些木材使火继续燃起来。
Don’t have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down.不要让客人站在那里, 请他入坐 I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。 注意:①consider, find等一般不能接不定式作宾语补足语, 但可接to be, to have done做宾语补足语 When I got there, I found the work to have been finished.
当我到达那儿时,我发现工作已被做完了。
②几点注意说明
(1) 在hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand等后不可接sb. to do sth. 。 译:我建议他不去那里。 误:I suggested him not to go there.
正:I suggested that he should not go there. 正:I advised him not to go there. (2) want, wish 等后接 to be done 作宾补时,to be 可省略,直接过去分词作宾补。
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When do you wish it (to be) finished? 你要什么时候完成? (3). 容易受汉语意思误用不定式作宾语补足语的动词:
“原谅某人做某事”,不说 excuse /forgive sb to do sth。可说excuse /forgive sb for doing sth。 “建议某人做某事”,英语不说 suggest [propose] sb to do sth。可说成 advise sb to do sth。 “希望某人做某事”,英语不说 hope sb to do sth。 可说成wish sb to do sth
“安排某人做某事”,英语不说 arrange sb to do sth。 可说成 arrange for sb to do sth。 “要求某人做某事”,英语不说 demand sb to do sth。 可说成 demand of sb to do sth “感谢某人做某事”,英语不说 thank sb to do sth。 可说成thank sb for doing sth
“祝贺某人做某事”,英语不说 congratulate sb to do sth。可说成congratulate sb on doing sth “阻止某人做某事”,英语不说 prevent sb to do sth。 可说成 prevent sb from doing sth “害怕某人做某事”,英语不说 fear sb to do sth。 “拒绝某人做某事”,英语不说 refuse sb to do sth。 “惩罚某人做某事”,英语不说 punish sb to do sth。 “赞成某人做某事”,英语不说 approve sb to do sth。 “通知某人做某事”,英语不说 inform sb to do sth。 “欢迎某人做某事”,英语不说 welcome sb to do sth。
“坚持某人做某事”,英语不说 insist [persist] sb to do sth。
promise sb to do sth该结构中的不定式的逻辑主语不是其前的宾语sb,而是句子主语, He promised me to go. 的意思是“他答应我他去”,而不是“他答应让我去”。 “I’ve asked him to let me go.” “But does he _________ you to go?” A. let B. agree C. allow D. promise 此题最佳答案为C
【分析】选项A错误,因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to;
选项B错误,因为动词 agree 习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式; 选项D错误,因为 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中,to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise
的主语而不其宾语,即 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答应我,他去”,而不是“他答应我让我去”。
He impressed me as rude. 正:他给我的印象是(他)很粗鲁。误:他对我的印象是(我)很粗鲁。 He reminded me of a pig.正:他真是一个猪一样的家伙。 误:他说我是一头猪。 have+宾语+非谓语动词
一、have + 宾语 + 不定式 该结构中have的基本意思是“有”,其主要用法有: 1. 表示有某事要做,其中的不定式为定语。
She didn’t have the courage to refuse. 她没有勇气拒绝。
注:have difficult [problem] doing sth是英语中一个很有用的句式,其中的have表示“有”, We had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here in time. 我们为了及时赶到此地,经历了可能想见的最大的困难。 2. 表示因为有A结果发生了B,其中的不定式为结果状语。 I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运,找他时他正在家。
They had the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm. 他们不幸遇上了猛烈的风暴。 二、have + 宾语 + 动词原形 have为使役动词,动词原形实为省略了to的不定式作宾语补足语 1. 表示叫(请、使、让)某人做某事。如:
He had his son clean the car. 他叫他的儿子擦车。
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Don’t interrupt her:let her have her say. 别打断她的话,让她把意见说出来。 2. 与 won’t, can’t连用, 表示容忍或允许某人做某事
I won’t have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的 事指手划脚。 三、have + 宾语 + 现在分词 have为使役动词,分词用作宾语补足语
1. 表示使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事或处于做某事的状态之中。如: She had her audience listening attentively. 她使听众听得入神。
2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t连用)。 He won’t have boys arriving late. 他不允许孩子们迟到。
I won’t have you smoking at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。 3. 说服或命令某人做某事。
He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her. 他叫我为她做各种事情。
四、have + 宾语 + 过去分词 have为使役动词, 过去分词用作宾语补足语, 1. 表示请(让)别人做某事。
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
What beautiful curls — why do you want to have them cut off? 你那鬈发多漂亮啊——为什么要剪掉呢?
注:有时指无意志的行为。如:He had his salary raised. 他加薪了。 2. 表示经历或遭遇某情况。
He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。
I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。 3. 表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事。
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。 I have had everything prepared beforehand. 我已事先把一切都准备好了。 Paul’s mother had him adopted because she couldn’t look after him herself. 保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他,便将他送给别人收养了。
4. 表示容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t 等连用)。
We won’t have anything said against the Party. 我们不允 许有人这样攻击党。 注意,下面一句中的worried可视为形容词,而非过去分词: The news had me worried. 我听了这消息十分不安。
用作宾语的非谓语动词形式
一. 通常只接不定式(而不是动名词)作宾语的动词有: afford 负担得起 agree 同意 arrange 安排 ask 要求 care 想要 choose 决定
decide 决定 demand 要求determine 决心 expect 期待 fail 未能 help 帮助hesitate 犹豫hope 希望 long 渴望 manage 设法offer 主动提出 plan 计划prepare 准备 pretend 假装 promise 答应 refuse 拒绝want 想要 wish 希望
I can’t afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。 She refused to help me. 她不肯帮助我。 He agreed to come over right away. 他同意马上就来。
He managed to avoid an accident. 他设法避免了一次事故。 He pretended not to know the facts. 他佯装不知实情。
注意:不定式一般不做介词的宾语,但可做表示“除…外”的介词besides, but, except的宾语。
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前面如果有动词do时,不定式的to须省略。
You must finish your work before going to the concert. 你必须在去听音乐演唱会之前必须把工作完成。 On seeing her mother, the little girl began to cry out. 这个小女孩一看见她的母亲就大哭了起来。
He said nothing except to go away. 他一话没说就走了。
Now we can’t do anything but wait for him. 现在我们只能等待他。 There’s little we can do except wait. 除了等待我们没有什么办法。 二. 通常接动名词而不接不定式作宾语的动词:
admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 推迟 deny 否认discuss 讨论 dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱 excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止forgive 原谅 report 报告 imagine 想像 include 包括keep 保持mention 提及 risk 冒险mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止prohibit 禁止 give up 放弃 can’t stand 不能忍受 burst out 突然开始 feel like 想要 insist on 坚持 put off 推迟 He admitted having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。 I admit breaking the window. 我承认打破了窗玻璃。
She burst out crying (laughing, singing). 她突然哭(笑,唱)起来。 There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱做这项工作。
Please excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我误拆了你的信。 Please forgive my interrupting. 请原谅我打扰了。
Can you imagine living without electricity? 你能想象没有电的生活吗? We’re willing to risk losing our jobs. 我们愿冒失业的危险。
He suggested going together in one car. 他建议大家一起坐一辆汽车去。
I just can’t understand his [him] stealing the money. 我简直无法理解他为什么要偷钱。 They discussed selling the house. 他们商量过卖房子的事。 She dislikes doing housework. 她不喜欢干家务活。 He mentioned seeing her often. 他提到过经常见到她。
I can’t understand treating children like that. 那样对待孩子,我不能理解。 【几点用法说明】
(1) 有的动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语: The rain prevented his coming. 下雨使他不能来。
Excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 原谅我不慎把你的信拆开。
(2) 有的动词(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语:He advised buying a computer. 他建议买台电脑。
He advised her to buy a computer. 他建议她买台电脑。
(3) 有些动词(如consider, understand, discuss等)虽不接不定式作宾语,却可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语: Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去?
She doesn’t understand how to look after him. 她不知道应如何照顾他。
We discussed what to do and where we should go. 我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。 三.即可接不定式又可接动名词
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1. 接不定式和动名词且含义相同的动词 like(喜欢),love(喜欢),hate(憎恨),
prefer(宁可),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续),can’t bear(不能忍受),bother(麻烦),intend(想要),attempt(试图),cease(停止)等
【几点注意】(1) 当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时,其后只能接不定式:因为这样用时它是表示特定的想法,而非一般性喜好。 I’d love to have a word with you. 我想同你说句话。
I’d hate to spend Christmas alone. 我不喜欢一个人过圣诞节。
I’d prefer to go in August rather than in July. 我愿8月去,不愿7月去。 (2). 当begin, start, cease, continue等动词本身为-ing形式时,其后通常要用不定式不用动名词,因为两个-ing形式的重复让人听起来会觉得别扭。 It is ceasing to rain. 雨快停了。
It’s too late to go out now. Besides, it’s starting to rain. 现在出去,太晚了。况且也开始下雨了。 当begin, cease, start, continue等与see(明白), know(知道), realize(意识到), understand(理解)等与状态动词连用时其后通常要用不定式不用动名词。
I soon began to understand what was happening. 我很快开始明白了正在发生什么事。 I am beginning to realize why he acted as he did. 我现在刚刚开始明白他为什么那样做。
2. 接不定式和动名词含义不同的动词
第一条 remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生,后接动名词(有时可用完成式),则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。 Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生) I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生) He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生)
■regret to do sth :对将要发生的事感到“遗憾”或“抱歉”。 此时主语一般是第一人称且 regret 通常只限于现在时。其后所接不定式通常是 to say, to tell, to inform 等 I regret to tell you that he can’t come. 很抱歉他不能来。
We regret to say that we are unable to help you. 很遗憾,我们不能帮助你。 regret doing sth 对已经发生的事感到“后悔”或“遗憾”。 I regret spending so much money. 我很后悔花了这么多钱。 除后接动名词的一般式外,有时也接动名词的完成式。 I regret missing the film. 我懊悔没有看上那部电影。 He regretted doing [having done] it. 他后悔做了此事。 She regrets having said it. 她后悔说了这话。
若句中含有具体的过去时间状语,则以用动名词的一般式表示已发生的动作 I regret going there yesterday. 我后悔昨天去了那儿。 ◎偶尔还可接不定式的完成式。
I regret not having [to have] worked harder. 我后悔当初没有更努力些。
第二条 try 后接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。 They also try to fool other people. 他们也企图欺骗别人。
Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.
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