前门如没有人答应，就敲后门试试看。
第三条 ■mean to do sth 的意思是：打算(想要)做某事。此时的主语只能是“人”。 I don’t mean to make you angry.我不是存心惹你生气的。
◎有时接不定式的复合结构。I mean you to go. 我打算让你去。
■mean doing sth 的意思是：意味着(要)做某事。此时的主语不能是“人”。 This means helping you. 这意味着帮助你。
If you want to pass the exam it will mean studying hard你想要考试及格那就意味着要刻苦学习 ◎有时接动名词的复合结构。
This new order will mean us working overtime. 这一新定单意味着我们得加班加点。 第四条stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事 ■go on doing sth继续(不停地)做正在做的事go on to do sth做完某事后接着做另一事 He went on to show us how to do it. 他接着又教我们如何做。（不定式是目的状语）。 Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. （不定式是目的状语）。 做完这个练习后， 请接着做其它的练习。
We went on talking till after midnight. 我们继续谈话直到午夜以后。 You can’t go on working without a break. 人不能不停地工作而不休息。 注：go on doing sth 有时表示停了一阵之后继续做同样的事。如：
She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching. 她点了点头，笑了笑，又继续缝衣服。
He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room.他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有 They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。（不定式是目的状语）。
He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。 第五条 can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事： He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。 I can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。其中的 help 用于本义 注：can’t help后有时接不定式的复合结构。
I can’t help them to resolve their quarrel they must fight it out between them. 我无法帮助他们解决争论——他们得打出个结果来。
第六条 want, require, need, deserve, worth带-ing分词作宾语时主动形式表被动意义。 Your hair needs cutting [to be cut]. 你的头发该理了。
The room wants cleaning [to be cleaned]. 这房间需要打扫了。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
The house requires repairing at once. 这座房子需要马上维修。
第七条be used to等接不定式时，被用来做什么；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时，习惯于做什么。 The wood will be used to make paper. 这些木材将被用来造纸。
The students will be used to living here soon. 学生们讲很快适应在这儿的生活。
第八条look forwards to接不定式时朝前面看某东西；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时期望做某事 I’m looking forward to meeting you soon. 我盼望很快见到你。
Many people crowded there, so I looked forward to see what had happened. 很多人围在那儿，因此我朝前面看，看那儿发生了什么事。
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特别关注一下几点：
1. 关注介词to。以下各结构中的 to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动名词，而不是动词原形： devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
be [get] used to doing sth习惯于做某事 be accustomed to doing sth 习惯于做某事 be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事 object to doing sth反对做某事
stick to doing sth 坚持做某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某 get down to doing sth 开始做某事 look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事 admit to doing 承认做了某事 be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事 What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样 为此请注意以下区别：
be interested in doing sth = 对做某事感兴趣（指一般性的动作）
be interested to do sth = 很有兴趣做某事，很想做某事（指尚未发生的动作） He is interested in listening to stories. 他对听故事很感兴趣。 We’d be interested to hear your story. 我们很想听听你的故事。 be keen on doing sth = 热衷于做某事（指一般性的动作） be keen to do sth = 渴望做某事（指尚未发生的动作） He is keen on playing tennis. 他很喜欢打网球。
I can’t drive yet, but I’m keen to learn. 我还不会开车，但我很想学。 但是，以上用法是不可以随便推而广之的，
“be + 形容词”都可同时接不定式或“介词 + 动名词”的。
要表示“喜欢做某事”，可用 be fond of doing sth，但不用 be fond to do sth 要表示“忙于做某事”，可用 be busy (in) doing sth，但不用 be busy to do sth 要表示“厌烦做某事”，可用 be tired of doing sth，但不用 be tired to do sth。 要表示“做某事做迟了”，可用 be late (in) doing sth，但不用 be late to do sth 要表示“做某事有经验”，可用 be experienced at [in] doing sth，但不用 be experienced to do sth 玛丽正忙于复习准备考试。误：Mary is busy to study for her exams.
正：Mary is busy studying for her exams.
我听腻了你的批评。误：I’m tired to listen to your criticisms.
正：I’m tired of listening to your criticisms.
今天早上他来办公室来得很迟。误：He was late to come to the office this morning.
正：He was late (in) coming to the office this morning.
他教小孩很有经验。误：He is experienced to teach children. 正：He is experienced at [in] teaching children.
用作状语的非谓语动词
表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况，通常用现在分词或过去分词； 若句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，用现在分词；
若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，用过去分词或现在分词分词的被动式。 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
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He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看报。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好
一． 分词(短语)用作时间状语：通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，不定式不能用作时间状语
Seeing the door open（= When he saw the door open）, the stranger entered the house. 那个陌生人看见门开着就进了屋子。
The work finished（= After the work was finished）, they went home. 工作做完后，他们就回家了。
Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.李蕾得知母亲生病了时马上赶回了家 Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. 从月亮上看时，地球是绿色。 分词在句中作时间状语，其前面可以加When或while While crossing street,you must be careful.
练习：When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。
二、表示原因，不定式表示原因时，一般放在句子的末尾，说明主语某种心情、情感的原因。在表示情绪或情感反应的形容词(如 happy, glad, sorry, sad, surprised, frightened, delighted, disappointed)后
I'm very pleased to meet you. 会见你我很高兴。
I'm proud to be your friend. 当你的朋友我感到骄傲。
表示原因通常用分词短语，且多放在句首，有时也放在句末，多用逗号隔开，分词(短语)用作原因状语 可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句。
Being very weak（= As she was very weak）, she couldn’t move. 由于身体虚弱，她不能行动。 His car broken down（= Because his car broken was down）, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged（= Because she was much discouraged）, she came back home. 她很沮丧，回了家。
Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。练习：(1)As she was very weak（= ）, she couldn’t move. (2) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 答案选A。
【分析】faced with so much trouble= because we were faced with so much trouble。
(3) ____for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建卷) A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 答案选B。
【分析】现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。 三、条件状语 不定式表示条件时，一般放在句首。
To be heated, liquid will change into gas. 如果受热，液体就会变成气体。
分词(短语)用作条件状语 通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句
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Working hard（= If you work hard）, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。 Give more time/If give more time,we could have done it better
Adding them all up（= If we add them all up）, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。
United（= If we are united）, we stand; divided（= ）, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 Given more time（= If we had been given more time）, I’ll finish it. 再给几分钟的时间，我就会完成了
Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. 跟你比较起来，我还差得很远呢。 ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 答案选D 【分析】。give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，分词短语 Given time =If he is given time。 四、分词(短语)用作让步状语 通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句
Although living miles away, （= Although he lived miles away ） he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
Defeated（= Thought he was defeated ）, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。 Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. 即使给他解释一百篇，她还是不会明白。
Trained ten hours a day, he will still be a fool. 即使每天训练十个小时，他也还会是个傻瓜。 No matter how frequently ___, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。
五、分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。 Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。 (1) Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought
(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing.
A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ______ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 【分析】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。
六、分词用作方式状语 不定式可接在as if / as though之后表示方式时，：
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He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他的嘴唇动了动，好像要说什么事似的。
分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的结构
He earns a living driving a truck（= by driving a truck）. 他靠开卡车谋取生。 I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。
七、表示结果：不定式表结果其动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，不定式前常加 only，
He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked. 他是那样傻，竟然没锁车。
He hurried to the house only to fond that it was empty他匆忙赶到那屋子里发现已经空无一人 He fired, killing one of the passers-by. = He fired and killed one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。
另外，不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果，不定式的位置一般在句子末尾。
(1) 表示终结性的动词find, see, hear, learn, discover的不定式，常表示出乎意料的结果，并且，不定式前常有never, only等副词修饰。如：
I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙赶到火车站时，发现火车已经开走了。
I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 我走到教室，结果发现教室是空的。 (2) 在 “so + adj. / adv. + as + to do”中。如：
The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 景色非常美，每年都要吸引很多人来这里。
(3) 在 “adj. / adv. + enough + to do”中。如：
He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 他跑得很快，结果赶上了李蕾。 (4) 在 “so + adj. / adv. +a(n) + n. + as + to do”中。如：
This is so interesting a story as to interest children. 这是个很有趣的故事，使孩子们非常感兴趣。
(5) 在 “such + adj. / adv. + n. + as + to do”中。如：
She is such a good girl to help you make great progress. 她是个非常好的姑娘，帮助你取得了很大的进步。
(6) 在 “too + adj. / adv. + to do”中。如：
They went too slowly to catch the early bus. 他们走得太慢了，结果没能赶上早班车。
现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生)，前面可加上 thus。分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句
He died, leaving his wife with five children= He died and left his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。
He fell off a tall tree, his leg broken. 他从树上摔了下来，腿摔断了。 The cup fell down to the ground, broken. 茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。 You were lucky not to be killed. 你大难不死，真是好运气。 I had to shout to be heard. 我必须叫喊对方才能听得见。 注意以下特殊结构： (1) only to be done结构
He has returned only to be sent away again. 他回来后又被打发走了。
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