K8E项目管理模式研究
摘要
航空工业是高、精、尖技术密集、资金密集的大型制造业，管理上应用项目管理技术是历史的必然，也是一种国际化的发展趋势。随着我国经济实力和技术能力的不断提升，航空产品成套技术出口项目开始出现。但由于项目较少，规模较小，国内对于如何运用项目管理方法，并结合行业特点对其进行充实和完善，以实现对航空产品成套技术出口项目的有效管理并没有太多研究，直到K8E工程出现。
本论文即以中国航空工业最大的且是第一次向国外转让整套飞机生产线技术的K8E工程为研究对象，利用现代项目管理理论，创造性的提出了一种适合于航空产品成套技术出口项目管理的模式——“K8E项目管理模式”。论文首先比较了项目管理和航空项目各自的特点，指出航空项目是项目管理理论的一个应用领域，强调由于航空产品成套技术出口项目的特殊性，使得其项目管理不能完全等同于现有项目管理的标准模式。在此基础上，从职能式管理体制、“两线”并管的组织指挥系统、串联式工作模式和粗放式管理环境四个方面分析我国航空产品成套技术出口项目管理的现状，并进一步分析了现状背后存在的主要问题，如计划经济烙印深、职能部门之间协调难度大、计划、控制和风险意识薄弱、管理人员素质不高等。而后，对K8E工程的特殊背景和特殊性进行深入的阐述，并具体分析了“K8E项目管理模式”。该模式基于项目管理，又根据项目特点，对现有项目管理模式进行了适当优化。其内容从两部分进行阐述：第一部分提出航空产品成套技术出口项目的生命期为启动、计划、实施、合同收尾、产品持续维护和保障等5个阶段。其中，启动阶段的控制要点包括机会研究和可行性分析；计划阶段的控制要点包括组织结构的确定、项目计划的制定以及资源的准备；实施和控制阶段的控制要点包括组织结构、人力资源管理、技术状态管理、进度管理、质量管理、费用管理、风险管理、信息管理、供应商管理、变更管理以及保密管理；收尾阶段的控制要点主要在资料归档和项目后评价；产品维护和保障阶段的控制要点则在持续管理方面。第二部分则对组织结构与人力资源管理、技术状态管理、质量/费用/进度管理、风险管理、信息管理、保密管理和持续管理等九大主要控制要点中的管理控制方法和技术进行深入研究。本论文最后还分析了“K8E项目管理模式”对如何结合行业特点，推行与国际接轨的先进项目管理理论的应用所具有的借鉴价值。
关键词：项目管理、航空产品、成套技术、K8E工程、管理模式
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ABSTRACT
Aviation industry is the large manufacturing industry, which needs mass funds and intensive technology. Applying project management technology in it is a historical must as well as an international development trend. With the improvement of domestic economic strength and technical competence, aviation product whole technology export project (APWTEP as short) appears. But because the quantity and scare of the existed projects are little and small, so we have no much study on how to apply, enrich and perfect project management method with combination of industry features to realize effective management on these projects, until K8E project appears. Take K8E project---the biggest APWTEP in china aviation industry as study object, through utilizing modern project management theory, the paper puts forward “K8E project management model” that is very suitable to APWTEP. The paper firstly compares different features of project management and aviation project, points out that aviation project is one of applied fields of project management, and strengthens that project management model of APWTEP can’t be fully equal to the standard model of modern project management due to its own particularity. On this basis, the paper analyses present situation of domestic APWTEP from “functional” management system, “two-line management” organization command system, “series” working model and simply management environment, and further analyses main problems existing behind the present situation, such as deep influence of plan economy, difficult coordination among different departments, weak awareness of plan, control and risk, poor staff quality. After that, the paper deeply expounds the special background and particularity of K8E project and makes a concrete analysis on “K8E project management model”. This model is based on project management and then optimized according to the features of K8E project. The contents of model include two parts. The first one puts forward that the lifecycle of APWTEP is divided into five phases, such as initiating phase, planning phase, executing phase, closing phase and sustaining and supporting phase. Among them, the controlling points in initiating phase are opportunity study and feasibility analysis. The controlling points in planning phase are organization structure determination, project plan formulation and resource preparation. The controlling points in executing phase are organization structure, human resource management, configuration management, schedule management, quality management, cost management, risk management, information
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management, supplier management, alternation management and secret management. The controlling points in closing phase are document file and after-project evaluation. The controlling point in sustaining and supporting phase is sustaining management. The second part further studies the management and control methods and technologies used in nine controlling points including organization structure and human resource management, configuration management, quality/cost/schedule management, risk management, information management, secret management and sustaining management. At last, the paper analyses reference value of K8E project management model on how to combine industry features to push utilization of modern project management theory.
Key words: project management, aviation product, whole technology, K8E project, management model
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目录
1．绪论??????????????????????????????1 1.1研究背景及意义????????????????????????1 1.2本研究的国内外综述??????????????????????2 1.2.1国际标准项目管理模式概述?????????????????2 1.2.2项目管理研究现状与发展趋势????????????????5 1.3本研究的方法、思路与内容????????????????????7 2．我国航空产品成套技术出口项目管理的现状分析????????????9 2.1航空产品成套技术出口项目管理的独特性?????????????9 2.1.1项目管理基本特点?????????????????????9 2.1.2航空项目的特点??????????????????????9 2.1.3航空产品成套技术出口项目管理的独特性???????????10 2.2我国航空产品成套技术出口项目的管理现状????????????11 2.2.1职能式管理体制??????????????????????11 2.2.2“两线”并管的组织指挥系统????????????????12 2.2.3串联式工作模式??????????????????????12 2.2.4粗放式管理环境，项目各阶段、各部门之间无衔接???????12 2.3航空产品成套技术出口项目管理的主要问题分析?????????13 3.K8E项目管理模式的生命周期和控制要点分析????????????15 3.1K8E项目的特殊性???????????????????????15 3.1.1特定背景?????????????????????????15 3.1.2特殊性??????????????????????????15 3.2K8E项目管理模式的生命周期分析????????????????17 3.3K8E项目管理模式的控制要点??????????????????18 3.3.1启动阶段控制要点分析???????????????????19 3.3.2计划阶段控制要点分析???????????????????19 3.3.3实施阶段控制要点分析???????????????????20 3.3.4收尾阶段控制要点分析???????????????????23 3.3.5产品持续和保障阶段控制要点分析??????????????23 4.K8E项目管理模式的管理控制方法和技术??????????????25 4.1K8E项目管理模式中的管理控制方法???????????????25 4.1.1在组织结构和人力资源管理方面???????????????25 4.1.2在技术状态管理方面????????????????????27
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4.1.3在进度管理方面??????????????????????30 4.1.4在质量管理方面??????????????????????31 4.1.5在费用管理方面??????????????????????34 4.1.6在风险管理方面??????????????????????34 4.1.7在信息管理方面??????????????????????38 4.1.8在持续管理方面??????????????????????39 4.1.9在软件的保密管理方面???????????????????39 4.2K8E项目管理模式中的管理控制技术???????????????40 5.K8E项目管理模式的借鉴价值???????????????????47 5.1借鉴价值???????????????????????????47 5.2应用K8E项目管理模式应具备的基本条件?????????????49 6.结论??????????????????????????????51 6.1本文的主要结论????????????????????????51 6.2本次研究的不足????????????????????????52 参考文献 后记
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