b. 先行词为that时
__________________.
eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这2.This is a book which was written by a worker 就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。
______________________________________ 2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 3.The student who is from Canada speaks French. 你抱着的那个是什么？
______________________________________ *三、定语从句可简化为短语 __________.
1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定4.She has a lot of work that she must do.
语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。
_____________________________________ 2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词三、选择填空
短语作定语。 ( )1.The man ____ was a friend of mine. 3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。 A. that you just talked to
eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. B. whom you just talked to him = I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
C. who you just talked to him 2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do D. which you just talked to
that.
( )2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year. = Tell the children playing there not to do that. A. who B. that C. which D. when
3)The book that is on the table is mine. ( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had = The book on the table is mine.
stolen to the police.
4) We have nothing that we should fear. A. which B. what C. that D. in where
= We have nothing to fear.
( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers ____ 练 习
interested him
A. what B. who C. that D. which
一、用适当的关系代词填空
( )5.My father still remembers the day ___ he joined 1.Is it the very house ________ you lived in ten years the army.
ago?
A. when B. which 2.The woman _____ sits next to the door is my mother. C. to which D. from which
3.I’ll never forget the year _____ I joined the League. ( )6.I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we 4.It is the house _____ I was born.
spent together.
5.The house ______ roof is broken has been repaired. A. when B. in which C. which D. how
二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。
( )7—Does the teacher know everybody _______
1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother. planted the trees? ______________________________________
—Yes, he does. 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
( )8.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
( )9.I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
( )10.—Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which
( )11.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
( )13.This is the place _____I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which
( )14.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when ( )15.The moon is a world ___there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why ( )16.He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )17.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
( )18.Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
( )19.He got to the village _______ his family once
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lived before liberation.
3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? A. that B. which C. when D. where 但注意：
( )20.This is the house ______ I want to buy. Let’s … , shall we? A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
Let us … , will you?
( )21.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. 4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用needn’t. A. that B. which C. when D. where
eg. I must finish my work now, _________?
( )22.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long 5.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用there be结构来完way from the railway station.
成。
A. that B. which C. where D. when
eg. There’s little water, ___________
十五、反意疑问句
*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think, believe且主语是I , 由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般
we时，即：
有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分I / We think (believe) + 宾从，则附加问句应与从句一应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附致。I’m sure + 宾从也是如此
加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑eg.1)She said I did it, ____________?
问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。 2)We don’t think you are right, ________? eg.1)Tom is a work, isn’t Tom?(找错)_______ 3)I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________? 2)You can swim, can not you?(找错)______ *7.I’m… , aren’t I?
3)He had lunch, doesn’t he?(找错)________
eg.I am older than you, __________?
特别注意以下几种反意疑问句 8.陈述部分含had better, 疑问部分应用had better来回答。
1. 陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little, eg. You’d better go out , ___________?
never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑问句9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy, unlike, disappear一致。
等列外）
eg. 1)What a kind girl, __________? eg. They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2)What a fine day, ___________?
2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的练 习
主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no ( )1.You had to work for 10 hours yesterday, _____? one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they。 A. didn’t you B. did not you eg.1)Everything is ready, ___________? C. had not you D. did you 2)Everyone is here, ____________?
( )2.Don’t eat too much, ____?
初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测
A. will you B. don’t you C. do you D. can you ( )3.Lily looks like Lucy, ____? A. is Lily B. isn’t she C. does Lily D. doesn’t she
( )4.—You didn’t change your mind, did you
--- ______.
A. No, I didn’t B. Yes, did I C. No, I did D. Yes, I didn’t
( )5.The woman hardly let her daughter go to school, ____ she ?
A. does B. doesn’t C. did D. didn’t
( )6.Be sure to come to the parents’ meeting on time, ____?
A. will you B. aren’t you C. can’t you D. mustn’t you ( )7.Let’s have a good rest, ____? A. will we B. do we C. shalln’t we D. shall we
( )8.He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t ( )9.Tom has supper at school, ___? A. hasn’t he B. has he C. doesn’t he D. does he
( )10.There is little water in the glass, ___? A. isn’t there B. isn’t it C. is it D. is there
十六、简单句的五种句型
1.主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构）
eg. He is working.
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2.主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）
day.
eg. We study English every day.
2)I often hear him sing. 3.主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）
2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补. eg. Trees turn green.
hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事 常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get ; turn ; feel ; hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事
look(看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).
Ⅱ、 知 识 要 点
特别注意：形容词常作表语
1.问职业：
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物） What be + 主语？= What does /do +主语+do? =主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人）
eg. He is a teacher.（提问） 常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但 ______ _____ he _____?
buy与for连用
2.It’s nice talking to you.与你谈话真高兴。 eg.1)I gave him a book. △
3.表方式的短语 = I gave a book to him.
1)on foot
2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday. 2)by + 交通名词单数（无冠词）
= My mother bought a pen for me.
= in / on a (the; 物主代词；名词所有格) 5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
eg. 1) by bike = on a bike by car = in a car
注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2） 2) He goes to work by a bike every day.(改错) 形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing 形式。 _____________
eg.1)We call him Jim.
must: 个人主观上认为“必须”（无时态变化）
2)We must keep the window open. 4. have to : 有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不” （存在各 3)He told me to wash the plates. 种时态）
4)I saw a thief going into your room. eg. 1) I _________ stop on the way because of the rain. 特别注意：
2) I ______ stop because I’m a little tired. 1)动词不定式作宾补
△
5.提建议
A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.
Shall we… ? 答 肯定：Good idea / OK / 其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth Let’s … All right 2)省to不定式作宾补，即： Why not… ? 语 否定：No, let’s…
(l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth
肯定：Certainly/ Yes, please/ l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看另外还可回答为 Yes, I think so/ I’d love to
—see, watch; 1f—feel.
否定：No,I don’t think so / eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every
I’m afraid not.
初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测
put on强调“穿”的动作：穿上，戴上 后接 △
6.. wear是 put on 之后的结果：穿着 ―衣服‖
= be in 名词 dress sb: 给某人穿衣
eg. 1)You’d better ____ more clothes when you go out. It’s cold outside.
A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 2)The boy can ________ himself now. A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 3) Tom is wearing a red shirt today. A. is on B. is in C. is putting on △
7.在具体的某楼前用 on
eg. He lives on the fifteenth floor. △
8.How do you like… ? 你觉得??怎么样？ = What do you think of … ?
eg. How do you like the new film? = What do you think of the new film? 你觉得这部新电影怎么样？ 9.a little = a bit
但注意：1) a little+名词 = a bit of + 名词 ) eg.There is a little( a bit of ) water in the glass. 2) not a little = very not a bit = not at all △
10. quite : quite a (an) + 形 + 名 very : a very + 形 + 名
eg. This is a very interesting book. = This is quite an interesting book. 11.in a hurry: 匆忙地
eg.1)He is in a hurry all day.
2)She went to school in a hurry.
另外：hurry to … = go to … in a hurry
12. marry sb = be married to sb.与某人结婚 get married = be married 已婚；结婚
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（但get married是“短命”动词，要指“结婚多久”--Less than a week.
应用be married）
3)--________ will he come back? eg. 1)She married with a doctor (找错) ______
--In two days.
2)She has got married for ten years (找错) __________ 17.??instead:副词（句首、句末） △
13. leave sth + 地点：把某物忘在某地 ?insteadof:介词短语（后接名/动名/代词） forget sth : 忘记某事
eg. 1)I didn’t go to the cinema. _____ I went to the eg. 1)He ______ the driver’s license yesterday. library yesterday.
2)I ____ my umbrella in the train just now. 2)We would like to stay at school _______ going to △
14.感叹句
the cinema today. 1）What (a, an) + 形 + 名△
．
（+主 + 谓）！ 18.so 句型
(注：但名词为不可数、复数时，则不用a / an)
so + be(助、情) + 主语：“也如此” 2）How + 形 / 副 （ + 主 + 谓）！
so + 主语 + be(助、情)：“的确如此” eg.1)________ bad weather!
eg.1)I watched TV last night, and so did she. 2)______ hard they are working! 昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。
3)______ good girl she is!
2)I watch TV every day, and so does he. 4)_____ beautiful flowers they are!
我每天看电视，他也如此。 “雨大，雪大”heavy---heavily/ hard 3)I can swim, so I can. △
15.“风大” strong ---strongly 我会游泳，真的是这样。
“太阳大”bright---brightly 注意：表示“也不如此”用neither / nor 注意以上词的形、副区别
eg. I didn’t watch TV last night, neither did she eg. 1)There was a __________ rain yesterday. △
19.指路与问路 2)It blew ________ last night.
问路
3)The sun is shining ___________. 1)Excuse me. Could you tell me … 4)Look! It’s raining __________. how I can get to …. 5)What a ___________ wind!
how to get to … how long: 多长时间（问时间段） the way to …
△
16. how often: 多久一次（问频率）
2)Excuse me. Which is the way to…
how soon = when: 何时（问将来时间） 指路
eg.1)--________ does he go home?
1)Go down / up / along this road and… -- Once a week.
go还可替换为walk
2)--________ were you away from school last year?
2)Go down / up / along to the end.
初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测
3)Go on until you reach the end.
4)Take the … turning on the left. = Turn left at the … turning. 5)Go across the bridge
△
20.??sick:\生病的”（作表语、定语）
?ill“生病的”（只作表语:）eg.1)He’s sick / ill in hospital.
2)A nurse (A) must take (B) good (C) care of ill (D) men. （选错） _____________
△
21.??may..be“也许是”（作谓语）:
?maybe“也许”:?perhaps(作状语） eg.1)__________ he is a student.
2)He ___________ a student.
△
22.??inhospital:在住院?inthehopital:在医院
??inschool:在上学，上课?intheschool:在学校类似结构???attable:在吃饭
?atthetable:在桌旁??inbed:躺在床上??atwar:在打仗??reach?地点??△23.到达??arrivein?大地点?后接here,there, ?at?小地点???home时省介词?getto?地点??但当后不接地点时，只能用arrive
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eg.1)She ____ Shanghai last night.
eg.1)Please ____ your exercise book here tomorrow.
A. reached to B. got C. arrived in D. arrived at 2)Meimei often helps the old man _____ water.
2)They ____ there in time at last.
?A. reached to B. arrived C. got to D. arrived at ?somewhere:某地（用于肯定句）3) I’ll ring you up as soon as he_____(到达).
?29.??anywhere:任何地方（否、疑句）eg. –-I ??everywhere:到处；处处（用于肯定句）?alone:1)adj指“形体上的孤单”（只作表语）???hereandthere?24.??2）adv?byoneself“独自地，单独地”eg.1)S?lonely:adj指“精神上的孤独，寂寞（作表语、looked for my pen___________, but I couldn’t find it ??定语）____________.
---Don’t worry. Sooner or later you’ll find it
he is _____________ girl.
_________.
2)Do you feel ______ when you are _____? 30.to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是?? 3)The old man live in a house ________.
类似结构：to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是??
?eg. To our great surprise, she could swim in the river. 使?geton:上车（train;bus)我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。
25.??getoff:下车（train;bus)31. agree with : 同意某人（或某人所说的） ?getinto:上（car;lift)
agree to : 同意某事 ??getoutof:下（car;lift)eg. 1)He agree ___ my plan.
2)I agree ____ what you said.
32.be on … team: 参加??队；是??的队员 26.工作??job:可数名词 ?work:不可数名词eg. He is on the city basketball team. 他是市篮球队队员。 eg. I have (A) many (B) work to do (C)______ △
33.teach sb+科目（当sb是人称代词时应用宾格） △
eg. He teaches our English(改错) __________ 27.??muchtoo?形/副：“太??” △
?toomuch?不可数：“太多”34.the 100-metre race 100米赛跑 100-metre作定语，修饰race, 注意metre用单数。 类eg.1)He gave us _________ money. 似结构：
2)She is ___________ young.
①a two-thousand-word letter一封两千字的信 ?bring:者）②an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩 △
28.?带来，拿来（靠近说话?take:带走，拿走（远离说话者） 另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达： ??carry:搬，运，抬（不具方向性）100-metre race = 100 metres’ race
two-month holiday = two months’ holiday
初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测
但当前面有a/ an ; 物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示：
eg. What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______. A. two months holidayB. Two months’ holiday C. two-month holiday D. two moth’s holiday 35.problem与question
question: 指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问
题。常与ask , answer连用
problem: 指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指
“难题”。常与solve , work out连用
1) We must find out a good way to solve the ______. 2) You can answer the _____ in your own words. borrow: 借进 borrow … from从?借 △
36. lend: 借出 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
keep: 保存；借（多久）（与时间段连用） 1)Jack ____ me his bike last week.
2)You can _____ the book from me, but you can ____ it for only one week. △
37.It’s +adj + of / for sb to do sth.
当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of. 常见的此类形容词有：kind ; good ; clever ; careful ; polite ; right ; wrong. 其余情况用for.
1)It’s very clever ____ you to do that.
2)It’s hard ____ me to work out the problem. △
38. more: 另外的；额外的（放在数量词之后） another: 再一（另一?）（放在数量词之前） 1)May I have two _____ apples? 2)May I borrow _______ one book?
used to + 动原: 过去常常做? △
39. be used to + 动原: 被用于做? be / get used to sth : 习惯于某事
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