somebody , anybody, …..）时，则放在这些不定代词之(副词often作状语，修饰动词tell)
后。短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰词之后。形3)Her mother usually goes out to do some shopping on 容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不Sundays. (副词usually以及介词短语on Sundays作状定式、现在分词、过去分词和定语从句等都可作定语。 语，修饰动词goes)
1)He is reading an interesting book. (形容词interesting4)He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. (名作定语,修饰名词book)
词词组the day after tomorrow作状语，修饰动词will 2)I have something important to tell you. (形容词leave)
important以及不定式to tell you作定语，修饰不定代5)He came here to see you. (动词不定式to see you作目词something)
的状语，
3)There are few women workers in the factory. (形容词6)He sat there reading a novel (现在分词短语reading a few 以及名词women作定语修饰名词workers)
novel作状语修饰动词sat)
4)The oil workers here come from Daqing. (名词oil以7)If I have some free time, I will study German. (条件状及副词here作定语修饰名词workers)
语从句If I have some free time作状语)
5)We have got ten desks in the room. (数词ten修饰名词desks)
三、用分析法确定一个单词在句中的词6)Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. （介词短语on modern science作定语修饰名性和成分。
词report.）
在英语中，一个单词往往有多种意思，应根据一7)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. (现在个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、词义、和在句中的分词短语playing the piano作定语修饰名词girl)
成分。
8)This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 1)Excuse me. I don’t want to listen to you any more. I (定语从句which I bought yesterday作定语修饰名词don’t think it’s a good excuse for being late for school dictionary)
第一个excuse是动词“原谅”；第二个excuse有冠词7．状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分是状a修饰，它是一个名词“借口”，在此作表语）
语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，2)The scores are hard to believe. Team A has scored 修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。但有些副词（如：eight goals.
often , always , usually等作状语放在事义动词之前，be 第一个score作主语，是一个名词“分数”；第二个score/助/情之后）。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定作谓语，是一个动词“进球”
式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状语。
3)The guide pointed to a red point on the map to show us 1)He knows how to learn English well. (副词well作状where the tomb is. 语，修饰动词learn)
第一个point作谓语，是一个动词“指着”；第二个point2)My parents often tell us about their hard life in the past.
作动词pointed to 的宾语，在此是一个名词“（红）点”
初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测
4)When I felt some rain drops dropping on my face, I put on my raincoat.
第一个drop作动词felt的宾语，是一个名词“（雨）滴”；第二个drop是一个现在分词短语作宾语rain drops的宾语补足语，是一个动词“落下”
5)The sound from the church sounds very beautiful. 第一个sound作主语，是一个名词“声音”；第二个sound作谓语，是一个连系动词“听起来”。 6)She is a quiet girl. He does everything quietly.
第一处的quiet作定语修饰名词girl, 是一个形容词“安静的， 文静的”；第二处的quietly作状语修饰动词does, 是一个副词“安静地”
练 习
一、根据单词所在的位置和句子成分，判定下列划线
部分单词的词性。
1. Please close the window before you leave your home. ______
2. Wang Lin is one of my close friends.______ 3. We must keep the window open _______ 4. I forgot to mend my watch. _______ 5. They are watching TV now. _______ 6. I would like a bottle of water. _______ 7. He often waters the flowers _______ 8. She will go to Nanjing on a fast train _____ 9. His brother swims very fast. _______ 10. Let me have a swim. _______ 二、下列划线部分的句子成分。 1.My father was a teacher
2. The milk tastes fresh
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3.I am in a hurry to find a job ______________________________________
7．我没有笔写字。
4.I found your shoes under the bed ______________________________________
8．照片中的王太太看起来很年轻。
5.She gave her a present. ______________________________________
9．学好英语最好的方法是尽可能多的说。 6.The people all over the world are hoping for ______________________________________
peace. 初 三 重 点 短 语
1. a set of (一)套/组/副
7.The little girl can dress herself now. 2. all over = around / throughout
遍及?的每个部分 8.The man asked me not to play in the street. as long as 长达
3. as much as 多达
9.The book is very interesting as tall as 高达
4. a doctor for children 儿童医生 10.There is a truck collecting rubbish outside. 5. a number of 许多 (作主为复数)
the number of ?的数目/号码 (作主为单数) 三、把下列句子译成英语。（注意句子成分）。 6. as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快 1．我们已成功地完成了那项工作。
7. as well = too 也；又；同样地 ______________________________________
8. at the beginning of 在?初; 开始 2．我们的英语老师手里那着一本书走进了教室。 9. at the age of 在?岁时 _________________________________
10. at sea 在大海上
______________________________________ 11. at least 至少；起码 3．吉姆开中国有三年了。
at most 最多
______________________________________ 12. a place of interest = places of interest 名胜 4．那是“再见”的另一种说法。
13. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 ______________________________________ 14. be abroad 出国
5.说完这些话，他匆匆地去寻找那个失踪的孩子 15. be able to = can 能；会 ______________________________________ 16. be afraid of 害怕
______________________________________ 17. be excited about 对?感到兴奋 6．这种特殊的恐龙是我们国家发现的。
18. be amazed at 对?感到惊讶
初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测
19. be made of 由?组成；由?构成 20. be proud of 以?自豪（高兴） 21. be worth doing ?值得做
22. be filled with = be full of 装满；充满 23. be covered with 被?覆盖 24. before long = soon 不久以后 long before 很久以前 25. be to do 打算做；将要做
be used for sth / doing sth 用于? 26. be used as 被当作?来使用
be used by 被?使用 27. break in two 裂成两半 28. be busy doing 忙于做? be busy with sth 忙于某事 29. 既?又?；两者都
30. beg one’s pardon 请原谅；对不起 31. by the time 在?时候以前 32. come true 实现
33. come up with 提出；提供 34. cut down 砍倒；砍伐
35. carry on 坚持下去；继续下去
36. come to one’s ears 传入（某人的）耳朵37. carry sb to safety 把某人带到安全地 38. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁地做某事 39. drop off 放下（某物）；下车 40. deserve to do 做?理所应当 41. even though 即使
42. ever since 从那时起；此后一直
43. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 44. escape doing 逃脱做某事 45. far away 很远；遥远
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46. from now on 从今以后；今后 72. live on 继续存在，继续活着；靠?为生 47. find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事 73. leave +地点：离开某地
48. feed on/ upon 以?为食
leave for +地点：动身去某地；前往某地 49. feel like doing = want to do 想要做某事 74. make sure 确保；确认；查明 = would like to do 75. more or less 或多或少 give up sth 放弃某事
76. make a decision 作出决定 50. give up doing sth 放弃做某事
77. make a mistake 犯错误 = stop doing sth 78. make a progress 取得进步 51. go over 过一遍；复习；仔细检查 79. make up one’s mind 下决心 52. get an injection 打针；注射 80. multiply … by …. 以?乘以? 53. get …back 退还?；送回去 81. make sb + 形：使某人如何 54. give birth to 生孩子
make me happy 使我愉快
55. go straight along 沿着?直接走 make a contribution to sth 为某事做准备 56. hand in 交上来
82. make a contribution to doing sth 57. have a try 尝试；努力 为做某事做准备
58. hear of / about 听说 83. no matter what = whatever 无论什么 59. human being 人 84. not only… but also 不但?而且 60. hands up 举手
85. on display 陈列；展览 61. have… off 有?的休息
86. on show 展出
62. have / has got = have / has 有
87. on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说 63. have nothing to do with 与?无关 on the other side of 在?的另一面 have something to do with 与?有关 88. on business 经商
64. hour after hour 一小时一小时地；连续地 89. once upon a time 从前；很久以前 65. have sth done 请人做某事 =long , long ago
66. in this way 用这种方法
90. open up 开放；开业；开设 in different ways 以不同的方法 91. pick up 捡起；拾起
67. It seems that + 从句：似乎；好象 92. point at 指着；指向（近物） 68. It is said 据说 point to 指向?（远物） 69. in history 历史上
93. put off 推迟；拖延 70. in a few year’s time 几年时间后 94. put up 挂起；举起
= in a few years 95. prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做?而不愿做?71. keep off 避开；防止 96. run away 流失；逃跑；逃走 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测
97. rush out 冲出去
98. regard … as 把?当作?；当作
99. receive / get a letter from 收到某人的来信 =hear from
100. send up 发射；把?往上送 101. set one’s mind to do 一心想做? 102. shut down 把?关上 103. slow down 减缓；减速 104. so far 到目前为止 105. so that 以便；以致
some more books 另外的书 106. two more books 另外的两本书 = another two books 107. speak highly of 称赞 108. spill over 溢出
109. thanks to 由于=because of ；幸亏 110. think about 考虑
111. think of 认为；想起
think much/ a lot of 对?评价高；看重 112. turn down 调低；调小 turn up 调高；调大 113. try out 实验；尝试
used to + 动原：过去常常（做） 114 be used to + 动原：被用来做? be / get used to sth 习惯于某事
be/ get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 what do you mean by …? ?是什么意思 115. = what does … mean ?
= what’s the meaning of …?
116. what’s the population of ?的人口是多少 have a population of 有?的人口 117. what … for =why 为什么
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118. warn sb about / of sth 警告某人某事 warn sb against doing 警告某人别做某事 119. with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 = with the help of 120. wear out 穿破；穿烂 121. wash away 冲走
(I)
1.useful 2. √ 3. for 4. other 5. moving 6. look 7. no 8. are 9. √ 10. and
(H)
1. first 2. great (big) 3. with 4. brought 5. diseases 6. longer 7. good 8. was 9. but 10. √
初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测 44