印染助剂制备与检测
实训教程
浙江纺织服装职业技术学院
纺织学院染化教研室
夏建明 2010年5月
目 录
第一部分 印染助剂检验测试的常用指示剂制备
项目一 酸碱中和反应常用几种指示剂的制备······················································2 项目二 氧化还原反应常用几种指示剂的制备························································3 项目三 离子性鉴定的试剂配制和测试···································································3
第二部分 表面活性剂与印染助剂的常规检验
项目四 印染助剂的常规检验····················································································5
任务一、外观检定··································································································5 任务二、含固量的测定·························································································5
任务三、pH值测定·······························································································6 任务四、浊点的测定······························································································6
任务五、熔点的测定······························································································7 任务六、粘度的测定······························································································7 任务七、起泡性的测试··························································································7 任务八、消泡性的测试··························································································8 任务九、离心稳定性的测试··················································································8 任务十、耐冻稳定性的测试··················································································8 任务十一、耐热稳定性的测试·············································································8 任务十二、耐酸稳定性的测试·············································································8 任务十三、耐碱稳定性的测试·············································································8 任务十四、耐硬水稳定性的测试··········································································8 项目五 表面活性剂特性的测试················································································9
任务一、离子性表面活性剂的定量分析·····························································9 任务二、 Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+离子螯合力的定量分析·············································9 任务三、螯合分散剂类表面活性剂分散力的定量分析····································10 任务四、非螯合剂类表面活性剂分散指数(LSDP)值的定量分析····················11
任务五、分散剂中钙、镁离子总含量的测定方法·············································12 任务六、铁离子的测定························································································13 任务七、表面活性剂 乳化力的测定 比色法(GB/T6368) ·······························14 任务八、 表面活性剂 在硬水中稳定的测试方法(GB/T7381) ·······················16
第三部分 印染助剂的应用测试方法18
项目六 前处理助剂的应用测试············································································18
任务一、退浆剂的检验方法················································································18 任务二、除油剂的应用性能测试方法(参考洗涤力测定方法GB/T6371) ·······20 任务三、渗透剂的渗透性能测试方法································································21 任务四、精练剂的应用性能测试方法································································24 任务五、双氧水稳定剂的应用性能测试方法··················································26 任务六、螯合分散剂的测试方法······································································28 任务七、消泡剂的消泡效果的测定方法(参照GB/T21885) ·····························30 项目七 染色助剂的应用测试··············································································31
任务一、固色剂的固色性能及各项牢度的测试方法······································31 一）固色后色相变化的评估············································································32 二）皂洗色牢度的试验方法（参照GB3921）··················································32 三）摩擦色牢度的试验方法（参照GB3920和AATCC 8）·····························32 四）汗渍色牢度的试验方法（参照GB3922和AATCC15）····························33 五）水浸色牢度的试验方法（参照GB5713和AATCC107）··························34 六）湿熨烫色牢度的试验方法（参照GB6152）·············································34 七）耐氯色牢度的试验方法（参照GB7069和GB8433）·······························35 八）织物上的游离甲醛测试方法（参照GB2912）··········································35 九）开水浸泡色牢度试验方法········································································37 任务二、高温匀染剂的应用性能测试方法························································38 一）高温分散性的测试方法 二）移染性的试验方法 三）缓染性的试验方法
四）消色性试验方法
任务三、修补剂的测试方法················································································41 任务四、皂洗剂和酸性皂洗剂的皂洗效果试验方法········································42 一）皂洗染色织物的试验方法
二）洗涤油污呢绒的试验方法（参照GB/T6371） 三）酸性皂洗剂的皂洗效果试验方法
四）皂洗剂在硬水中的稳定性测定方法（参照GB/T7381） 五）皂洗剂起泡性的测定方法
任务五、还原清洗剂的应用性能测试方法························································45 项目八 印花助剂的应用测试··············································································45
任务一、白地防沾污皂洗剂的应用效果测试····················································45 任务二、印花糊料的性能测试············································································46 任务三、涂料印花粘合剂的测试方法································································48 项目九 后整理助剂的应用测试··········································································49
任务一、柔软剂的应用性能测试········································································49 任务二、荧光增白剂的测试方法······································································51 任务三、防水剂的应用性能测试······································································52 任务四、防油剂的应用性能测试······································································53 任务五、易去污性能的应用测试方法······························································54 任务六、抗静电性能的测试方法······································································54 任务七、阻燃性能的测试方法············································································55 任务八、防皱整理剂（树脂整理剂）测试方法····················································56
第四部分 印染助剂的制备
项目一 精练剂制备································································································59 任务一、棉用精练剂制备····················································································59 任务二、去油灵制备····························································································59 任务三、羊毛清洗剂制备····················································································60 任务四、丝绸精练剂制备····················································································60
任务五、螯合分散剂制备····················································································60 任务六、氧漂稳定剂生产与应用········································································61 项目二 染色助剂制备······························································································62
任务一、匀染剂制备····························································································62 一、棉用匀染剂
二、羊毛、真丝和锦纶匀染剂 三、涤纶匀染剂 四、腈纶匀染剂
任务二、皂洗剂制备····························································································64 一、皂洗剂 二、防白地沾污剂
任务三、固色剂制备····························································································65 一、交联固色剂 二、阳离子交联固色剂1 三、阳离子交联固色剂2
项目三 印花助剂的制备··························································································66
任务一 涂料印花粘合剂制备··········································································66 一．自交联乳液粘合剂1 二．自交联型涂料印花粘合剂2
任务二 涂料印花增稠剂制备··········································································68 一、乳化增稠剂A邦浆 二、合成增稠剂
项目四 后整理助剂制备··························································································68
任务一、柔软剂制备····························································································68 一、HC柔软剂
二、非离子表面活性剂柔软剂 三、氨基硅油柔软剂 四、阴离子氨基硅油柔软剂
任务二、免烫整理剂制备····················································································70