? The key alone will open the door. ?那是今天该付的账单。 ? That is a bill due today.
(4) 某些分词作定语时常后置。例如：
?有关当局
? the authorities concerned ?涉及的利益 ? the interests involved ?说话的人 ? the man speaking ?被调查的妇女 ? those women surveyed
?(5) 某些表示位置、方向的副词作定语时，往往后置。例如：?海外市场 ? market abroad ?附近所有的房子
?all the buildings around ?天上的云 ? the clouds above ?惟一的出路 ? the only way out ?
?(6) 有些固定词组，其形容词修饰语放在名词之后。例如： ?秘书长 ? secretary general
?总额 ?sum total
?总领事馆 ? consulate general ?(法)当然继承人 ? heir apparent
?军事法庭 ? Court Martial ? 激战 ? battles royal ? 善良而正直的人
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?a man good and true
?再如，介词 to 表示?°隶属?±?°归属?±关系时，强调相互之间的关系。 ?学生试译下列词组（做在作业本上，不许查词典！ ）。 ?问题的答案 经理的秘书 ?北大附中 中国驻日大使 ?练习题的答案 词典的附录 ?课文注释 大厅的入口 ?人民英雄纪念碑
?参考译文： ?问题的答案
?answers to the questions ?经理的秘书
? a secretary to the manager ?北大附中
?the middle school to Beijing University ?中国驻日大使
?the Chinese Ambassador to Japan ?练习题的答案
?keys to the exercises ? 词典的附录
?an appendix to a dictionary ?课文注释 ?一片白色孤帆 ?notes to the text ?a lonely white sail ? 大厅的入口 ?勤劳勇敢的中国人 ?the entrance to the hall ?the brave hard-working Chinese people ?人民英雄纪念碑 ?国际经济新秩序 ?the monument to the people‘s heroes ?a new international economic order ?一张木头小圆桌 ?a small round wooden table
2. 短语定语的位置
?若定语是词组时，在汉语中它们一般置于所修饰的词之前；而英语中的分词短语、不定式短语、
介词短语、形容词短语和长度短语等，通常放在所修饰的词之后，在汉译英时应尊重英语这表达习惯。例如：
?他亲眼目睹了美国战后第一次后果严重的波及各个领域的经济危机。
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?He witnessed the first post-war economic crisis of serious consequences prevailed in various fields in the U.S.
?据统计，每天前来游览敦煌壁画的游客数以千计。
?As is shown by statistics, every day tourists coming to visit the Dunhuang murals amount to
thousands.
?在山顶上有一座十丈高的宝塔。
?On the top of the hill stands a pagoda about a hundred feet high.
?述事实充分说明，中国在国际事务中起着越来越重要的作用。
?Facts listed above clearly indicate that China plays an increasing important role in world affairs.
3. 定语从句的位置
? 汉语中的某些词组作定语，在翻译成英文时可借助定语从句进行转换，置于被修饰的名词之
后。例如：
?我昨天带来放在书架上的一本新的汉英成语词典，对翻译很有帮助。
?A new Chinese-English phrases dictionary （that）I brought here yesterday and placed on the shelf is
very helpful for translation.
?我们多年聚居的老屋，已经卖给别人了。
?The old house our clan had lived in for so many years has already been sold. ?这就是我少年时生活过的地方。（学生试译） ?This is the place where I spent my childhood.
二.调整状语位置 1.副词状语的位置
?我差点儿把整个事儿都忘了。
?I almost forget about the whole thing. ?她上班很少迟到。
?She is seldom late for work.
?有时出于强调的目的，这种状语可放在助动词或动词前面。例如： ?我的确该走了。
? I really must be going now. ?
?他从来就不是一个会说话的人。 ?He never was a good speaker.
?(2)汉语中表示程度及方式的状语一般放在动词前，有时也可以放在动词后；英语中表示程度及
方式的副词修饰动词时，其中位置可在动词后，或者放在句末。例如：
?他们愉快地接受了邀请。
?They gladly accepted the invitation. 或者：They accepted the invitation gladly. ?一切进行得很顺利。
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?Everything goes on smoothly.
?2. 一系列表示时间、地点、方式的状语的位置
?（1）当一系列表示时间或地点的状语连用时，汉语中习惯从大到小、从宽到窄、由远及近的
顺序排列，而英语则大体相反，在汉译英时要作语序上的调整。例如：
?他出生在绍兴附近的一个小村子里。
?He was born in a small village near Shaoxing. ?中国于2003年10月成功地发射了第一艘载人航天飞船。（学生试译） ?China successfully launched its first manned space ship in October 2003.
?(2) 当表示时间、地点、方式的状语同时出现在一个句子中时，汉语状语的语序是；时间状语、
地点状语、方式状语、动词；英语状语的语序是；动词、方式状语、地点状语、时间状语。例如：
?我们上星期天在他家饱餐了一顿。
?We ate to our heart’s content at his home last Sunday. ?他们昨天下午在会议室里热烈地讨论这个计划。
?They discussed the plan animatedly in the meeting room yesterday afternoon.
?3. 状语的位置
?汉译英时有时为了强调，把译文中的状语前置，放在句首。例如： ?落潮在向后退，退入海中。
?Back to its depths went the ebbing tide.
?边防战士们日日夜夜守卫着祖国的边疆。
?Day and night, frontier guards defend our motherland‘s border areas. ?史密斯先生多次在紧急时刻助我一臂之力。
?Many a time has Mr. Smith given me a hand in emergency.
三.调整并列成分位置
?眼疾手快
?quick of eye and deft of hand ?转战南北
? fight north and south ?血肉相连
?as close as flesh and blood ?水火不容
?as incompatible as fire and water ?不论天晴下雨，我们明天非去不可。 ?Rain or shine, we‘ll have to go tomorrow.
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四.调整句子成分位置以表示强调
? 我们决不应当盲从。
?On no account should we follow blindly. ?他激动不已，不禁流下了热泪。
?To such an extent was he excited that he could not hold back his tears. ?种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
?As men sow, so will they also reap. ?让大雨冲洗出个干净清凉的世界。
?May the thunderstorm sluice the world, making it clean and cool!
五.调整句子重心
? 在汉语中，句子的次要部分往往放在句首，而将重心放在句末；英语往往将句子的重心放在
句首，因此汉译英时对这两部分的顺序要调整。例如：
?我原计划今年二月访问美国，后来不得不推迟，这使我感到很扫兴。（学生试译）
?It was a great disappointment to me that I had intended to pay a visit to America in February but then
I had to postpone it.
?生不带来，死不带去，倒也公平。
?it’s quite fair that we bring nothing with us when we‘re born and take nothing with us when we die. ?驾车经过这一地区，真是太危险了。 ?It is dangerous to drive through this area.
练习题（原文见发放资料)
参考译文
?1.There is nothing unexpected about it. ?2.All that glitters is not gold.
?3. I am very pleased to see you happy, healthy and wealthy.
?4. The three counties underwent the fourth most serious natural disaster that plagued several
provinces in China in the 1970s.
?5. We must have a clear idea of all the problems involved. ?6. My uncle passed away at 1:20 a.m. on October 3, 2000 .
7. The middle-aged woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. 8. We occasionally saw him walking along the river bank.
?9. Look right and left while crossing the street. ?10. It is not your fault that this has happened. ?11.门口蹲着两个大石狮子，严峻冷漠。
?Two stone lions, cold and aloof, stand beside in front of the gate. ?12.这么慢吞吞地，咱们啥时能走到？ ?When shall we get there at such a pace?
?13.游行人们手舞鲜花和彩旗，走过天安门广场。
?The paraders marched through Tian An Men Square with flowers and banners in their hands.
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