读我这篇文章，你不动脑子，就不能体会其中的妙处。
?移就格的翻译方法 ?变偏正结构为主述结构 ?位置还原法 ?分译 ?直译 ?意译
?变偏正结构为主述结构
– ―An expensive failure can be made into an asset if you‘ve learnt from it, but Monsanto still has
some learning to do.‖
?―失败的代价虽然昂贵，然而只要你能从中吸取教训，它也能化为一笔财富。不过，曼山托公司仍然需要总结教训。 –―失败‖不能与―昂贵‖搭配，译者用了增词法，让―代价‖与―昂贵‖构成符合汉语逻辑的主述结构。 –增词增的不错，只是原文中的an expensive failure，原意为有些失败需要付出昂贵的代价，而在译文中有些走样，―失败的代价虽然昂贵‖，仿佛所有的失败都要付出昂贵的代价。 –―然而只要你能从中吸取教训，它也能化为一笔财富。‖不够精炼。
?位置还原法
–These twin discoveries were a fitting reward for more than 800 lonely hours of patient patrolling of the skies over six years.
?这一双重发现是对6年来800多个小时寂寞而又耐心的巡天观察相称的回报。
–因前面有数词，hours不能译作―时光‖。从逻辑上来看，lonely非谓语动词patrolling，译时将错位的lonely还原，与patient一起说明patrolling。 –―巡天‖由―巡逻‖而来，是一个聪明的新造词。
–原译用―……是……回报‖，完全保留了原文的句子结构，―回报‖前面加上了冗长的定语，不符合汉语的习惯。
?分译
?在有些情况下，转移形容词的逻辑修饰对象不是句中的某个成份，而是整个句子所表达的事情
本身。
–此时，转移形容词的功能相当于一个副词。
–译时采用分译法，把修饰语和中心语分开，将修饰语移到句中适当的位置。
?They (African elephants and Indian elephants) represent a pitiful remnant of a group that once
included some 30 kinds of animals large enough to make the ground tremble beneath their step.
?（长鼻目动物）曾有约三十种不同的象。这些象身躯非常庞大，它们行走时使得足下的大地震动。令人遗憾的是，只有非洲象和印度象存活下来。
–原语的修辞手法不宜照搬到译入语中。将pitiful remnant分开来译，把pitiful放于句首，译文更浅白自然些。
–长句的拆译较为成功。
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–―它们行走时使得足下的大地震动‖一句显得呆板。
?直译
?有时英语移就语言浅显易懂，即使直译到译入语中，既无损原意，又不影响译语读者的理解，
且能保持原语的含蓄感。
–Brutal plan cuts off researchers in their prime. ?残酷的计划裁减了一批年富力强的研究人员。
–According to some sources, financiers are keeping a cool eye on the superconductor industry. ?根据某些资料，金融家们目前对超导产业采取一种冷眼旁观的态度。
–One of the painful prices human beings have paid for their predilection for starchy and sugary foods has been the premature decay and loss of teeth.
?人类为自己偏爱含淀粉和糖量高的食物而一直在付出的一个惨痛代价是，人未成年就发生蛀牙和掉牙。
?意译
? 有时，言内言外转移形容词都没有逻辑修饰对象。此时，它可能相当于一个代词，暗
指语境中的某个成份。此时，需要透彻领悟转移形容词所传达的信息，然后意译。
?Bullock‘s report says companies that emerge from such university environment follow a distinctive pattern of development. They start as technical consultancies, then move toward the development of a specific product. These ―soft companies‖ are easy to start because they need little in the way of capital or staff, and they are less prone to failure than companies oriented toward ―hard‖ products.
?布洛克的报告指出，从这样的大学环境中兴起的公司都有一个显著的发展模式。它们以技术咨询公司的面目出现，然后逐步开发某一具体产品。这些从事技术咨询服务的公司容易开办因为它们几乎不需要资本或员工，而且它们也不像那些以开发实物产品为目标的公司容易失败。
?Apostrophe 呼告
?对本来不在身边的人或物直接进行呼唤，并与之对话。
–Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour:
England hath need of thee!…(W. Wordsworth) ?弥尔顿，你现在该活在人世， 英格兰多么地需要你啊！……
–England! awake! awake! awake! Jerusalem thy sister calls! (W. Blake) ?英格兰！醒来！醒来！醒来吧！ 你的姐姐耶路撒冷在呼唤着你！
?Climax 递升
? 把事物按由小到大、由轻到重等次序说下去，使要表达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强
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化，能增强语言的说服力和感染力。
–Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
(Francis Bacon)
–I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plains, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. (Martin Luther King)
It is an outrage to bind a Roman citizen; to scourge him is a crime; to put him to death is almost parricide. （Cicero)
?绑架一个罗马公民是一种违法行为；对他进行肉体折磨是一种犯罪；把他处死几乎等于杀父母一样的叛逆行为。
–Threaten him, imprison him, torture him, kill him: you will not induce him to betray his country. ?威胁他，监禁他，拷打他，处死他：这些都不能使他背叛自己的国家。
?Bathos; Anti-climax 突降
?令读者措手不及的突然下降，能产生幽默的效果。
–As a serious young man, I loved Beethoven, Keats, and hot dogs. –For God, for American, and for Yale.
–She had a warm and sympathetic personality, a quick and perceptive intelligence, beautiful features, and real skill at bowling. (William R. Ebbitt and David R. Ebbitt) –Religion, credit and the eye are not to be touched. ?宗教、荣誉和眼珠，三者都不能亵渎。
–You manage a business, stocks, bonds, people. And now you can manage your hair. ?你能管理公司、股票、债券、人员，现在也能管好你的头发了。
–How haughtily he cocks his nose,
To tell what every schoolboy knows. (J. Swift) ?他昂首挺胸，趾高气扬，傲慢无比， 讲开了每个小学生都知道的东西。
–The explosion completely destroyed a church, two houses, and a flowerpot. ?这起事故彻底毁坏了一个教堂、两所房屋和一个花盆。
?Irony 反语
?使用同本意完全相反的词句来表达本意，明显含有嘲弄讽刺的意思，从而使本意更加突出。
–When the doctors came, they said she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills.
–Kate Chopin: The Story of an Hour
–…a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome
food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.
–Jonathan Swift: A Modest Proposal
–What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country! – they let the paupers go to sleep! (Charles Dickens)
?以此说明他那行善的国家的仁慈法律是多么有意义的例证！——他们竟允许穷人睡觉！
–―The boy has broken another glass,‖ said the mother.
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―A fine thing!‖ the father replied.
?母亲说：―小家伙又打碎了一个杯子。‖ 父亲回答说：―好得很！‖ ?
?Aposiopesis 跳脱
?话说一半，让听者或读者自己去领悟言外之意。
–Four hours ago the child was alive and well, but now…!
?四个小时以前，这孩子还好好的活着，一点都没事，可现在却…… ?四个小时前，这孩子还活蹦乱跳的，现在却…… ?……还生龙活虎的……
–―Well, I did think of one thing…rather odd…of a girl at Cambridge that I might have…you know.‖ (J. Galsworrthy: The Apple Tree)
?―是呀，我的确想起了一件事——挺怪的——想起剑桥的一个姑娘，本来我可以……你知道。‖
?Parallelism; Parataxis 排比
?为了达到一定的渲染效果，连着使用结构相同或相似的句子或词组。
–We can gain knowledge, by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice. (parallelism)
?求知门径颇多，或阅读，或思考，或观察，或实践。 –I came, I saw, I conquered. (parataxis)
?我只身前往，我明察秋毫，我旗开得胜。
–We laughed, we sang, we danced. (parataxis)
?我们纵情欢笑，我们放声歌唱，我们翩翩起舞。
?Question and Answer 设问
?明知故问，自问处答，以达到加强语气、引人注意的修辞效果。
–Why, having own her, do I woo?
Because her spirit‘s vestal grace Provokes me always to pursue,
But, spirit-like, eludes embrace. (C. Patmore) ?既已赢得她，为何还求爱？ 因为她心灵的贞静、美好 总引起我把她追求，但是， 又像个精灵，总回避拥抱。
–Shall I compare thee to a summer‘s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate. (Shakespeare) ?我能不能拿夏天来同你相比？ 你呀比夏天来得可爱和温煦。
?Rhetorical Question 反问
?为了加强语气，有意向读者或听者从反面提出不答自明、答在其中的问题。
–Then who will cheer my bonny bride
Whey they have slain her lover? (Thomas Campbell) ?杀了这漂亮新娘的爱人，
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还有谁能使她欢愉？
–O, if you felt that pain I feel!
But O, who ever felt as I? (W.S. Landor) ?啊，要是你能体会这痛苦！ 唉，可谁的感觉像我一样？
?White Lie 谲词
?用来掩饰真情的假话
–A lad got on a bus to travel up to the West End. He offered the conductor 2 pence. ―You can‘t travel
for 2 pence if you are over 14,‖ said the conductor. ―That‘s right, mate,‖ said the boy. ―I‘m only 13.‖ ―Oh, yes? And when will you be 14?‖
―As soon as I get off the bus.‖ (300 Western Humorous Stories)
?一个男孩走上公共汽车，到伦敦市西区去。他拿出两个便士向售票员买票。售票员说：―如果你超过十四岁，就不能只花两便士乘车了。‖ 男孩说：―对了，老兄，我才十三岁呢。‖
售票员问：―哦，是吗？那你什么时候才十四岁呢？‖ 男孩回答说：―一下车就是了。‖
?A young girl entered a hospital to see her boyfriend. She walked boldly up to a woman whom she
took to be a nurse there. ―May I see Mr. Jackson, please?‖ She said politely. ―Certainly,‖ said the woman. ―By the way, may I ask who you are?‖ ―I‘m his sister,‖ calmly replied the girl.
―Well, well!‖ chuckled the woman. ―I‘m so glad to meet you, honey. I‘m his mother.‖
?一位年轻的姑娘走进医院探望男朋友。有一位妇女在那里，姑娘以为她是医院里的护士，壮着胆子走上前去。姑娘彬彬有礼地问：―请问，我可以探望杰克逊先生吗？‖ 妇女回答说：―当然可以啦。顺便问一声，你是什么人？‖ 姑娘镇定地回答：―我是他的妹妹。‖
妇女轻轻的笑着说：―嗬嗬！好乖乖，我真高兴看到你哪。我是他的妈妈呀！‖
Periodic sentence 圆周句
?或称尾重句，是一种组织相对严谨的句子。它把最关键的内容置于句末，不读完最后一个词，
读者就难解句意，而且在最后一个词出现之前，句子在语法上也往往是不完整的。
–圆周句能始终抓住读者的注意力，句子不完，就不能得到一个完整的意思。随着句子的一步
步展开，一层层深入，在句末形成一个高潮，有力地表达了关键意思，给人留下深刻的印象。
–And at last, as a due and fitting climax to the shameless persecution that party rancor had inflicted upon me, nine little toddling children, of all shades of color and degree of raggedness, were taught to rush onto the platform at a public meeting, and clasp me around the leg and call me PA! ?Mark Twain: Running for Governor
–Just before I went away to college, my father took me aside, as I had expected, and said, as I had not expected, ―Now, Son, if a strange woman comes up to you on a street corner and offers to take your watch around the corner and have it engraved, don‘t do it.‖
?翻译要点
?注意保留原文的悬念，不要随意调整整句的语序。
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